Rubella vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rubella.[1][2] Effectiveness begins about two weeks after a single dose and around 95% of people become immune. Countries with high rates of immunization no longer see cases of rubella or congenital rubella syndrome. When there is a low level of childhood immunization in a population it is possible for rates of congenital rubella to increase as more women make it to child-bearing age without either vaccination or exposure to the disease. Therefore, it is important for more than 80% of people to be vaccinated.[1] By introducing rubella containing vaccines, rubella has been eradicated in 81 nations, as of mid-2020.[3]
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the rubella vaccine be included in routine vaccinations. If not all people are immunized then at least women of childbearing age should be immunized. It should not be given to those who are pregnant or those with very poor immune function. While one dose is often all that is required for lifelong protection, often two doses are given.[1]
Side effects are generally mild. They may include fever, rash, and pain and redness at the site of injection. Joint pain may be reported at between one and three weeks following vaccination in women. Severe allergies are rare. The rubella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine. It is available either by itself or in combination with other vaccines. Combinations include with measles (MR vaccine), measles and mumps vaccine (MMR vaccine) and measles, mumps and varicella vaccine (MMRV vaccine).[1]
A rubella vaccine was first licensed in 1969.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5][6] As of 2019[update], more than 173 countries included it in their routine vaccinations.[1]
^ abcdeWorld Health Organization (July 2020). "Rubella vaccines : WHO position paper". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 95 (27): 306–24. hdl:10665/332952.
^"Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2020 – Note de synthèse: position de l'OMS concernant les vaccins antirubéoleux". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 95 (27). World Health Organization: 306–324. 3 July 2020. hdl:10665/332952.
^Suryadevara M (2020). "27. Rubella". In Domachowske J, Suryadevara M (eds.). Vaccines: A Clinical Overview and Practical Guide. Switzerland: Springer. pp. 323–332. ISBN 978-3-030-58413-9.
^Lanzieri T, Haber P, Icenogle JP, Patel M (2021). "Rubella". In Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, Morelli V, Schillie S (eds.). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (14th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
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