Region of soil or substrate comprising the root microbiome
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Some rhizosphere processes in the soil
(A) Root system architecture is concerned with structural features of the root and responds to with environmental stimuli. (B) The rhizosphere produces photosynthetically fixed carbon that exudes into the soil and influences soil physicochemical gradients. (C) Free-living or parasitic nematodes interact with the rhizosphere via signaling interactions. (D) Mycorrhizal fungi create intimate relationships with the roots and engage in nutrient exchange. (E) Bacterial composition is distinct upon different parts, age, type of the roots.[1]
The rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome.[2] Soil pores in the rhizosphere can contain many bacteria and other microorganisms that feed on sloughed-off plant cells, termed rhizodeposition,[3] and the proteins and sugars released by roots, termed root exudates.[4] This symbiosis leads to more complex interactions, influencing plant growth and competition for resources. Much of the nutrient cycling and disease suppression by antibiotics required by plants occurs immediately adjacent to roots due to root exudates and metabolic products of symbiotic and pathogenic communities of microorganisms.[5] The rhizosphere also provides space to produce allelochemicals to control neighbours and relatives.[6]
The rhizoplane refers to the root surface including its associated soil particles which closely interact with each other.[7] The plant-soil feedback loop and other physical factors occurring at the plant-root soil interface are important selective pressures in communities and growth in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane.[8]
^Yee, Mon Oo; Kim, Peter; Li, Yifan; Singh, Anup K.; Northen, Trent R.; Chakraborty, Romy (26 March 2021). "Specialized Plant Growth Chamber Designs to Study Complex Rhizosphere Interactions". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. Frontiers Media SA: 625752. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.625752. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 8032546. PMID 33841353. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^"Microbial Health of the Rhizosphere". Archived from the original on March 12, 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
^Hütsch, Birgit W.; Augustin, Jürgen; Merbach, Wolfgang (2002). "Plant rhizodeposition – an important source for carbon turnover in soils". Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 165 (4): 397–407. doi:10.1002/1522-2624(200208)165:4<397::AID-JPLN397>3.0.CO;2-C – via Research Gate.
^Ingham, Elaine R. "The Soil Food Web". USDA-NRCS. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
^Cite error: The named reference Grayston1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Estermann, Eva F.; McLaren, A. D. (1961). "Contribution of rhizoplane organisms to the total capacity of plants to utilize organic nutrients". Plant and Soil. 15 (3): 243–260. doi:10.1007/BF01400458. S2CID 35099987.
^McNear Jr., David H. (2013). "The Rhizosphere - roots, soil and everything in between". Nature Education. 4 (3): 1.
The rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the...
emitted through the roots of plants. These secretions influence the rhizosphere around the roots to inhibit harmful microbes and promote the growth of...
taxonomic units) have been found within the potato rhizosphere. Among the prokaryotes in the rhizosphere, the most frequent bacteria are within the Acidobacteriota...
cycling of nutrients in ecosystems. The ecological functions of the rhizosphere can be influenced by microfauna, specifically by nematodes and protozoa...
variety of molecules into the spermosphere, and roots exudate into the rhizosphere; these exudates include acids, sugars, polysaccharides and ectoenzymes...
species can perform a variety of tasks in an ecosystem like the plant root rhizosphere. Beneficial mechanisms of plant growth stimulation include enhanced nutrient...
and genotypes, have been shown to play significant roles in shaping rhizosphere and plant microbiomes, as tree genotypes and species are associated with...
in soil, Transformation of low-molecular organic compounds in soil, Rhizosphere dynamics and stationarity, Root exudation and its localization, Visualization...
Despite inert media, roots can cause changes of the rhizosphere pH and root exudates can affect rhizosphere biology and physiological balance of the nutrient...
nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the rhizosphere of mangrove trees: Their isolation, identification and in vitro interaction with rhizosphere Staphylococcus sp. FEMS...
Azorhizobium. The roots of plants create a narrow region known as the rhizosphere that supports many microorganisms known as the root microbiome. These...
become commonly used in scientific literature. Generally, about 2–5% of rhizosphere bacteria are PGPR. They are an important group of microorganisms used...
The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, its root system. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition...
biofilms include Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Azospirillum. Biofilms in the rhizosphere often result in pathogen or plant induced systemic resistances. Molecular...
plant-associated microbes, including the rhizoplane (surface of root tissue), the rhizosphere (periphery of the roots), the endosphere (inside plant tissue), and the...
used to study plant cell biology. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil rhizosphere bacterium, can attach to plant cells and infect them with a callus-inducing...
forces sculpting complex microbial assemblages in the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and plant endosphere compartments. Although most work on host-microbe...
services such as sulfate reduction, nitrification, decomposition and rhizosphere interactions. Chemoautotrophs, also known as chemolithoautotrophs, are...
Azcón R, Azcón-Aguilar C (July 2005). "Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere". Journal of Experimental Botany. 56 (417): 1761–78. doi:10.1093/jxb/eri197...
allow the bacteria to grow. In soil, microorganisms that reside in the rhizosphere (a zone that includes the root surface and the soil that adheres to the...
nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains have been isolated from the caper bush rhizosphere, playing a role in maintaining high reserves of that growth-limiting...
Hinsinger, Philippe (2001). "Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes: a review". Plant and Soil...
humans. Prokaryote have high populations in the soil - including the rhizosphere and rhizosheath. Soil prokaryotes are still heavily undercharacterized...
with other microorganisms in species-rich environments, such as the rhizosphere, and at low concentrations as quorum-sensing molecules for intra- or...
community in the rhizosphere. The influence of AM fungi on plant root and shoot growth may also have indirect effect on the rhizosphere bacteria. AMF contributes...
gut microbiome, diverse microbes colonize the plant rhizosphere, and dysbiosis in the rhizosphere, can negatively impact plant health. Dysbiosis is most...
; Weir, Tiffany L.; Van der Lelie, Daniel; Vivanco, Jorge M (2009). "Rhizosphere chemical dialogues: plant–microbe interactions" (PDF). Current Opinion...
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Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
