The plant microbiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent years.[1][2] The microbiome has been defined as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. The term thus not only refers to the microorganisms involved but also encompasses their theatre of activity".[3][4]
Plants live in association with diverse microbial consortia. These microbes, referred to as the plant's microbiota, live both inside (the endosphere) and outside (the episphere) of plant tissues, and play important roles in the ecology and physiology of plants.[5] "The core plant microbiome is thought to comprise keystone microbial taxa that are important for plant fitness and established through evolutionary mechanisms of selection and enrichment of microbial taxa containing essential functions genes for the fitness of the plant holobiont."[6]
Plant microbiomes are shaped by both factors related to the plant itself, such as genotype, organ, species and health status, as well as factors related to the plant's environment, such as management, land use and climate.[7] The health status of a plant has been reported in some studies to be reflected by or linked to its microbiome.[8][1][9][2]
^ abCite error: The named reference Turner2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abPurahong, Witoon; Orrù, Luigi; Donati, Irene; Perpetuini, Giorgia; Cellini, Antonio; Lamontanara, Antonella; Michelotti, Vania; Tacconi, Gianni; Spinelli, Francesco (2018). "Plant Microbiome and Its Link to Plant Health: Host Species, Organs and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae Infection Shaping Bacterial Phyllosphere Communities of Kiwifruit Plants". Frontiers in Plant Science. 9: 1563. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01563. PMC 6234494. PMID 30464766.. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^Whipps, J. M.; Lewis, Karen; Cooke, R. C. (1988). "Mycoparasitism and plant disease control". In Burge, Michael N. (ed.). Fungi in biological control systems. Manchester, UK New York: Manchester University Press. pp. 161–187. ISBN 978-0-7190-1979-1.
^Berg, Gabriele; Rybakova, Daria; Fischer, Doreen; Cernava, Tomislav; Vergès, Marie-Christine Champomier; Charles, Trevor; Chen, Xiaoyulong; Cocolin, Luca; Eversole, Kellye; Corral, Gema Herrero; Kazou, Maria; Kinkel, Linda; Lange, Lene; Lima, Nelson; Loy, Alexander; et al. (December 2020). "Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges". Microbiome. 8 (1). doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00875-0. hdl:1822/65842. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^Cite error: The named reference Dastogeer2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Compant, Stéphane; Samad, Abdul; Faist, Hanna; Sessitsch, Angela (2019). "A review on the plant microbiome: Ecology, functions, and emerging trends in microbial application". Journal of Advanced Research. 19: 29–37. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.004. PMC 6630030.
^Bringel, Françoise; Couée, Ivan (2015). "Pivotal roles of phyllosphere microorganisms at the interface between plant functioning and atmospheric trace gas dynamics". Frontiers in Microbiology. 06: 486. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00486. PMC 4440916. PMID 26052316.
^Berendsen, Roeland L.; Pieterse, Corné M.J.; Bakker, Peter A.H.M. (2012). "The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health". Trends in Plant Science. 17 (8): 478–486. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2012.04.001. hdl:1874/255269. PMID 22564542. S2CID 32900768.
^Berg, Gabriele; Grube, M.; Schloter, M.; Smalla, K. (2014). "The plant microbiome and its importance for plant and human health". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 491. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00491. PMC 4166366. PMID 25278934.
The plantmicrobiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent...
A microbiome (from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) 'small', and βίος (bíos) 'life') is the community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together...
and soybean. There is less information on microbiomes of tree species. Plantmicrobiomes are determined by plant-related factors (e.g., genotype, organ,...
microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves. The microbiome...
Gross, Stephen; Clingenpeel, Scott; et al. (2016). "Plant compartment and biogeography affect microbiome composition in cultivated and native Agave species"...
The root microbiome (also called rhizosphere microbiome) is the dynamic community of microorganisms associated with plant roots. Because they are rich...
Azorhizobium. The roots of plants create a narrow region known as the rhizosphere that supports many microorganisms known as the root microbiome. These microorganisms...
and plants and extensive modern research on plantmicrobiomes have dramatically furthered knowledge on ecological functions and key roles of the plant microbiome...
others function as plant pathogens and may damage the host plant or even kill it. The leaf surface, or phyllosphere, harbours a microbiome comprising diverse...
The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites...
acid regulates this microbiome. During plant domestication, humans selected for traits related to plant improvement, but not for plant associations with...
Paulo José Pereira Lima; Dangl, Jeffery L. (8 September 2020). "The PlantMicrobiome: From Ecology to Reductionism and Beyond". Annual Review of Microbiology...
authorizations for GM plants, etc. Industrial breeding of plants has unintentionally altered how agricultural cultivars associate with their microbiome. In maize...
"Season, but not symbiont state, drives microbiome structure in the temperate coral Astrangia poculata". Microbiome. 5 (1): 120. doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0329-8...
such as endophytes, penetrate and occupy the plant internal tissues, forming the endospheric microbiome. The arbuscular mycorrhizal and other endophytic...
the human gut microbiome, diverse microbes colonize the plant rhizosphere, and dysbiosis in the rhizosphere, can negatively impact plant health. Dysbiosis...
species that have complex interactions, such as a plant species and the members of its microbiome. Each species present in a holobiont is a biont, and...
(4 February 2021). "Algae as New Kids in the Beneficial PlantMicrobiome". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12. Frontiers Media SA: 599742. doi:10.3389/fpls...
have a detrimental (parasitic varieties), neutral or beneficial effect on plant growth. The name comes from the Greek rhiza, meaning root. The term usually...
into plant-associated archaea and their functioning in arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.)". Journal of Advanced Research. Special Issue on PlantMicrobiome. 19:...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts...
from a few micrometers (μm) to a few hundred micrometers. Unlike higher plants, microalgae do not have roots, stems, or leaves. They are specially adapted...
as the root microbiome. Soil pores in the rhizosphere can contain many bacteria and other microorganisms that feed on sloughed-off plant cells, termed...
The Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) is an initiative founded by Janet Jansson, Jack Gilbert and Rob Knight in 2010 to collect natural samples and to analyze...
Opportunities and Challenges to Microbial Symbiosis Research in the Microbiome Era. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01150. Material...
Smalla, Kornelia; Berg, Gabriele (2015-01-22). The plantmicrobiome and its importance for plant and human health. Frontiers E-books. pp. 117–124. ISBN 9782889193783...
and Hacquard, S. (2018) "Microbial interactions within the plant holobiont". Microbiome, 6(1): 58. doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0445-0. Material was copied...
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