Measured values that are relatively normal for a particular medical test
Reference ranges
In:
Blood
Urine
CSF
Feces
Vital signs
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In medicine and health-related fields, a reference range or reference interval is the range or the interval of values that is deemed normal for a physiological measurement in healthy persons (for example, the amount of creatinine in the blood, or the partial pressure of oxygen). It is a basis for comparison for a physician or other health professional to interpret a set of test results for a particular patient. Some important reference ranges in medicine are reference ranges for blood tests and reference ranges for urine tests.
The standard definition of a reference range (usually referred to if not otherwise specified) originates in what is most prevalent in a reference group taken from the general (i.e. total) population. This is the general reference range. However, there are also optimal health ranges (ranges that appear to have the optimal health impact) and ranges for particular conditions or statuses (such as pregnancy reference ranges for hormone levels).
Values within the reference range (WRR) are those within normal limits (WNL). The limits are called the upper reference limit (URL) or upper limit of normal (ULN) and the lower reference limit (LRL) or lower limit of normal (LLN). In health care–related publishing, style sheets sometimes prefer the word reference over the word normal to prevent the nontechnical senses of normal from being conflated with the statistical sense. Values outside a reference range are not necessarily pathologic, and they are not necessarily abnormal in any sense other than statistically. Nonetheless, they are indicators of probable pathosis. Sometimes the underlying cause is obvious; in other cases, challenging differential diagnosis is required to determine what is wrong and thus how to treat it.
A cutoff or threshold is a limit used for binary classification, mainly between normal versus pathological (or probably pathological). Establishment methods for cutoffs include using an upper or a lower limit of a reference range.
In medicine and health-related fields, a referencerange or reference interval is the range or the interval of values that is deemed normal for a physiological...
Referenceranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from...
of referenceReference point, a point within a referencerange or reference interval, which is a range of values found in healthy persons Reference point...
factors. Individual results should always be interpreted using the referencerange provided by the laboratory that performed the test.[citation needed]...
Following is a list of referenceranges for cerebrospinal fluid: PATHOLOGY 425 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID [CSF] Archived 2005-10-27 at the Wayback Machine at...
can be used as a reference. Most electrodes work over a limited range of conditions, such as pH or temperature, outside of this range the electrodes behavior...
diagnose diseases. The results are interpreted by comparing them to referenceranges, which vary with sex and age. Conditions like anemia and thrombocytopenia...
actual increase in hormonal activity of thyroid hormones. Referenceranges: Referenceranges: Transthyretin (prealbumin) Albumin Thyroid hormone uptake...
size. Higher RDW values indicate greater variation in size. Normal referencerange of RDW-CV in human red blood cells is 11.5–15.4%. If anemia is observed...
gonadotropic hormones is more important. Prolactin within the normal referenceranges can act as a weak gonadotropin, but at the same time suppresses...
defined as below the normal MCH referencerange of 27–33 picograms/cell in adults or below the normal MCHC referencerange of 33–36 g/dL in adults. Red blood...
metabolic disorder. These are typical referenceranges, although various analysers and laboratories may employ different ranges. Contamination of the sample with...
μkat. While sources vary on specific referencerange values for patients, 0-40 IU/L is the standard referencerange for experimental studies. Test results...
cleaved in the Golgi apparatus to produce the secreted albumin. The referencerange for albumin concentrations in serum is approximately 35–50 g/L (3.5–5...
An example referencerange for transferrin is 204–360 mg/dL. Laboratory test results should always be interpreted using the referencerange provided by...
tb01489.x. PMID 5635603. S2CID 45703201. Specific references are found in article Referenceranges for blood tests#White blood cells 2. Wikimedia Commons...
analysers along with other laboratory tests.[citation needed] The referencerange for total protein is typically 60-80g/L. (It is also sometimes reported...
16–8. doi:10.1177/014107689709000106. PMC 1296109. PMID 9059375. "Referencerange (ESR)". GPnotebook. Miller A, Green M, Robinson D (January 1983). "Simple...
menstrual cycle and referenceranges widely vary from source to source. Estradiol levels are minimal and according to most laboratories range from 20 to 80 pg/mL...
Medscape Reference. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019. "Bilirubin: ReferenceRange, Interpretation, Collection and Panels". Medscape Reference. 1 February...
The reference desk or information desk of a library is a public service counter where professional librarians provide library users with direction to...
Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought. Gottlob...
phosphatase occurs when levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) exceed the referencerange. This group of enzymes has a low substrate specificity and catalyzes...
several types of reference circuits are defined, with different configurations, because communications are required over a wide range of distances. Another...
specific page number in a note; page range in a bibliography entry Digital object identifier Examples of book references are: Smith, J. (2005a). Dutch Citing...
a target range of HbA1c values. A diabetic person with good glucose control has an HbA1c level that is close to or within the referencerange.[citation...
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