This article's lead section may be too long. Please read the length guidelines and help move details into the article's body.(January 2023)
Reoccurrence of cancer
Recurrent cancer is any form of cancer that has returned or recurred when a fraction of primary tumor cells evade the effects of treatment and survive in small spaces that are undetectable by diagnostic tests. The initial tumor may become the site of cancer’s return or it may spread to another part of the body.[1] These surviving cells accumulate various genetic changes over time, eventually producing a new tumor cell. It can take up to weeks, months, or even years for cancer to return. Following surgery and/or chemotherapy or radiotherapy, certain tumor cells may persist and develop resistance to treatment and eventually develop into new tumors. Age, sex, cancer type, treatment duration, stage of advancement, and grade of original tumor are some of the factors that determine the rate of cancer recurrence.[2][3] If recurrent cancer has already moved to other body parts or has developed chemo-resistance then it may be more aggressive than original cancer. In general, the severity of cancer increases with a shorter duration of time between initial treatment and its return.[3]
Cancers with the highest recurrence rates include Glioblastoma with a recurrence rate of almost 100%[4], Epithelial ovarian cancer with a recurrence rate of 85%,[5] and Bladder cancer with a recurrence rate of 30-54%[6]
^"https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/recurrent-cancer". www.cancer.gov. 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2022-10-07. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
^Baker, Frank; Denniston, Maxine; Smith, Tenbroeck; West, Michele M. (2005). "Adult cancer survivors: How are they faring?". Cancer. 104 (S11): 2565–2576. doi:10.1002/cncr.21488. ISSN 0008-543X. PMID 16258929. S2CID 37025588.
^ ab"Cancer Recurrence - Why Does Cancer Come Back". Cancer Treatment Centers of America. 2021-07-15. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
^van Linde, Myra E.; Brahm, Cyrillo G.; de Witt Hamer, Philip C.; Reijneveld, Jaap C.; Bruynzeel, Anna M. E.; Vandertop, W. Peter; van de Ven, Peter M.; Wagemakers, Michiel; van der Weide, Hiske L.; Enting, Roelien H.; Walenkamp, Annemiek M. E.; Verheul, Henk M. W. (2017-10-01). "Treatment outcome of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a retrospective multicenter analysis". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 135 (1): 183–192. doi:10.1007/s11060-017-2564-z. ISSN 1573-7373. PMC 5658463. PMID 28730289.
^Mari, Andrea; Campi, Riccardo; Tellini, Riccardo; Gandaglia, Giorgio; Albisinni, Simone; Abufaraj, Mohammad; Hatzichristodoulou, Georgios; Montorsi, Francesco; van Velthoven, Roland; Carini, Marco; Minervini, Andrea; Shariat, Shahrokh F. (2018-02-01). "Patterns and predictors of recurrence after open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the literature". World Journal of Urology. 36 (2): 157–170. doi:10.1007/s00345-017-2115-4. ISSN 1433-8726. PMC 5799348. PMID 29147759.
Recurrentcancer is any form of cancer that has returned or recurred when a fraction of primary tumor cells evade the effects of treatment and survive...
Prostate cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder. Early prostate cancer causes...
all cancers in this region. The dosimetric advantage unique to proton therapy translates into toxicity reduction. For recurrent head and neck cancer requiring...
treating locally invasive malignant tumors such as primary brain tumors, recurrentcancers of the head and neck region, and cutaneous and extracutaneous melanomas...
BRCA-negative recurrent advanced ovarian cancer. Niraparib is a PARP inhibitor being tested in BRCA-positive recurrent ovarian cancer. Tyrosine kinase...
type of skin cancer.: 13 Mohs procedure is also used for squamous cell carcinoma, but with a lower cure rate. Recurrent basal-cell cancer has a lower...
aphthous stomatitis ("canker sores"), a condition characterized by the recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons. Mouth ulcers often...
often used to treat recurrent endometrial cancer. Low certainty evidence suggests that in women with recurrent endometrial cancer who have had chemotherapy...
a person's pelvic cavity. It is used to treat certain advanced or recurrentcancers. The urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, and anus are removed. In women...
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception...
periampullary cancer Jaundice (yellowing of skin, eyes and urine with pale stools) Itching Abdominal pain Weight loss and loss of appetite Recurrent vomiting...
back even after complete surgical excision, so are commonly called recurrentcancer of the brain.[medical citation needed] Conversely, low-grade gliomas...
"Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab in Persistent or Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer or Primary Peritoneal Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study". Journal...
with Stage IV cancer, e.g., the cancer can progress to become terminal. Within the TNM system, a cancer may also be designated as recurrent, meaning that...
treatment of adults with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that has progressed...
Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach. Symptoms often include difficulty in...
Aphthous stomatitis, or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), commonly referred to as a canker sore, is a common condition characterized by the repeated...
cancer and 17% or fewer of those with stage IV cancer five years after diagnosis. Recurrent cervical cancer detected at its earliest stages might be successfully...
maintenance therapy after ovarian cancer treatment and in combination with chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer but did not show results that led...
anal cancer. 10 to 20% of patients treated for anal cancer will develop distant metastatic disease following treatment. Metastatic or recurrent anal cancer...
the management of solid tumors (e.g., pancreatic cancer, locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer, breast tumors, sarcomas, and selected gynaecologic...
treatment of metastatic or unresectable recurrent HNSCC. Depending on the treatment used, people with head and neck cancer may experience the following symptoms...
Global Information