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Early modern study of Dutch learning in Japan
The Chinese characters (kanji) for "Rangaku". The first character "ran" is an abbreviation of the ateji for "Holland" (阿蘭陀, or with 2 Kanji 和蘭), o-ran-da, abbreviated to "ran" – because it is the emphasized syllable; cf. List of foreign place names in Japanese). The second character "gaku" means "study" and "learning".
Rangaku (Kyūjitai: 蘭學/Shinjitai: 蘭学, literally "Dutch learning"), and by extension Yōgaku (Japanese: 洋学, "Western learning"), is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners from 1641 to 1853 because of the Tokugawa shogunate's policy of national isolation (sakoku).
A meeting of Japan, China, and the West, Shiba Kōkan, late 18th century
Through Rangaku, some people in Japan learned many aspects of the scientific and technological revolution occurring in Europe at that time, helping the country build up the beginnings of a theoretical and technological scientific base, which helps to explain Japan's success in its radical and speedy modernization following the forced American opening of the country to foreign trade in 1854.[1]
^Erlita Tantri (Jun 2012). "The Dutch Science (Rangaku) and its Influence on Japan". Jurnal Kajian Wilayah. Indonesian Institute of Sciences. 3 (2): 141-158. doi:10.14203/jkw.v3i2.276
Rangaku (Kyūjitai: 蘭學/Shinjitai: 蘭学, literally "Dutch learning"), and by extension Yōgaku (Japanese: 洋学, "Western learning"), is a body of knowledge developed...
Tokugawa shogunate. In addition, rational Confucianism stimulated Kokugaku, Rangaku and the non-official popular thought after the middle Edo period. In the...
and insurance of the Osaka rice brokers. The study of Western sciences (rangaku) continued through contact with the Dutch enclave in Nagasaki. The Edo...
his translation of Kaitai Shinsho (New Book of Anatomy) and a founder of Rangaku (Western learning) and Ranpō (Dutch style medicine) in Japan. He was one...
and also created an air gun based on the study of Western knowledge ("rangaku") acquired from the Dutch in Dejima. Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle...
During the period, Japan studied Western sciences and techniques (called rangaku, "Dutch studies") through the information and books received through the...
discusses the vibrancy of Edo period rangaku, and notes the competition in the early Meiji period for foreign experts and rangaku scholars. Timon Screech discusses...
Kōan Ogata, a samurai, physician and rangaku scholar in late Edo period Japan, noted for establishing an academy which later developed into Osaka University...
scientific, technical and medical innovations flowed into Japan through Rangaku ("Dutch learning"). Trade with Korea was limited to the Tsushima Domain...
calligraphic pieces, and also learned about Dutch art from a number of Rangaku (Dutch learning) scholars, including Noro Genjō. Taiga would continue to...
culture. Dejima consequently played a key role in the Japanese movement of rangaku (蘭學, "Dutch learning"), an organized scholarly effort to learn the Dutch...
study of China. Kangaku was the counterpart of kokugaku and Yōgaku or Rangaku. Scholars of kangaku are called kangakusha (漢学者). In modern Japan, sinology...
1881) was a Japanese businessman, inventor, mechanical engineer, and rangaku scholar who was prominent during the Bakumatsu and early Meiji period in...
of Western learning in Japan known as rangaku (蘭学), or "Dutch learning", where the ran (蘭, "Dutch") in rangaku comes from Oranda, the Japanese word for...
through intermediaries with Tsushima. The study of Western sciences, called "rangaku" through the Dutch enclave of Dejima in Nagasaki led to the transfer of...
academic study of Dutch culture and language (Neerlandistiek) Japanese Rangaku This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dutch...
Meanwhile, Japan endeavoured to learn about foreign sciences through rangaku ("Western studies"). To reinforce Japan's capability to carry on the orders...
period, Japan progressively studied Western sciences and techniques (called rangaku, literally "Dutch studies") through the information and books received...
polymath and rōnin of the Edo period. He was a pharmacologist, student of Rangaku, physician, author, painter and inventor well known for his Erekiteru (electrostatic...
and art. Consequently, Nagasaki became a major center of what was called rangaku, or "Dutch learning". During the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate governed...
United States, and Ōkuma Shigenobu (1838–1922), of Hizen, a student of Rangaku, Chinese, and English, who held various ministerial portfolios, eventually...
translations into Japan, and initiating the development of Western studies, or rangaku. Yoshimune's relaxation of the rules may have been influenced by a series...
technological knowledge had already been entering Japan since around 1720 through rangaku, the study of Western sciences, and since 1853, the Tokugawa shogunate...
pp. 117, 163. Sugita Genpaku. (1969). Dawn of Western Science in Japan: Rangaku Kotohajime, p. xvi. Online "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National...
by the Royal Navy frigate HMS Phaeton in 1808. Through the process of rangaku (the studying of Western science through the Dutch), airguns were developed...
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