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Economy of Japan information


Economy of Japan
Tokyo, the financial center of Japan
CurrencyJapanese yen (JPY, ¥)
Fiscal year
1 April – May
Trade organizations
APEC, WTO, CPTPP, RCEP, OECD, G-20, G7 and others
Country group
  • Developed/Advanced[1]
  • High-income economy[2]
Statistics
PopulationDecrease 122,631,432 (2024) [3]
GDP
  • Decrease $4.11trillion (nominal; 2024)[4]
  • Increase $6.7 trillion (PPP; 2024)[4]
GDP rank
  • 4th (nominal; 2024)
  • 4th (PPP; 2024)
GDP growth
  • Increase 1.1% (2022)[5]
  • Increase 1.3% (2023f)[5]
  • Increase 1.0% (2024f)[5]
GDP per capita
  • Increase $33,138 (nominal; 2024)[4]
  • Increase $54,184 (PPP; 2024)[4]
GDP per capita rank
  • 34th (nominal; 2024)
  • 34th (PPP; 2024)
GDP by sector
  • Agriculture: 1.1%
  • Industry: 30.1%
  • Services: 68.7%
  • (2017 est.)[6]
GDP by component
  • Household consumption: 55.5%
  • Government consumption: 19.6%
  • Investment in fixed capital: 24%
  • Investment in inventories: 0%
  • Exports of goods and services: 17.7%
  • Imports of goods and services: −16.8%
  • (2017 est.)[6]
Inflation (CPI)
3.1%
Population below poverty line
  • 0.7% on less than $1.90/day (2013)[7]
  • 0.9% on less than $3.20/day (2013)[8]
  • 1.2% on less than $5.50/day (2013)[9]
Gini coefficient
33.9 medium (2015)[10]
Human Development Index
  • Increase 0.925 very high (2021)[11] (19th)
  • Increase 0.850 very high IHDI (16th) (2021)[12]
Labor force
  • Decrease 69.1 million (May 2023)[13]
  • Increase 61.2% employment rate (May 2023)[14]
Labor force by occupation
  • Agriculture: 3%
  • Industry: 25%
  • Services: 72%
  • (FY 2018)[15]
Unemployment
  • Positive decrease 2.6% (2023)[13]
  • Positive decrease 3.7% youth unemployment (15 to 24 year-olds; May 2023)[13]
  • Positive decrease 1.8 million unemployed (May 2023)[13]
Average gross salary
¥429,501 / $3,267.16 monthly[16] (2022)
Average net salary
¥333,704 / $2,538.45 monthly[17][18] (2022)
Main industries
  • High technology
  • Motor vehicles
  • Electronics
  • machine tools
  • steel
  • nonferrous metals
  • ships
  • chemicals
  • textiles
  • processed foods
External
ExportsIncrease $717.94 billion (2023)[19]
Export goods
  • Transport Equipment 21.0%
  • Machinery 19.9%
  • Electrical Machinery 18.7%
  • Chemicals 12.4%
  • Manufactured Goods 10.4%
  • Raw Materials 1.7%
  • Foodstuff 1.3%
  • Mineral Fuels 0.8%
  • Others: 13.8%[19]
Main export partners
  • Economy of Japan China Decrease 22.1%
    • Economy of Japan Hong Kong 4.5%
  • Economy of Japan United States Increase 20.0%
  • Economy of Japan ASEAN Decrease 14.6%
  • Economy of Japan European Union Increase 10.3%
  • Economy of Japan South Korea Decrease 6.5%
  • Economy of Japan Taiwan Decrease 5.9%
  • Economy of Japan Australia Increase 2.3%
  • Economy of Japan India Increase 2.2%
  • (2023)[19]
ImportsDecrease $784.06 billion (2023)[19]
Import goods
  • Electrical Machinery 17.6%
  • Mineral Fuels 16.6%
  • Machinery 10.5%
  • Foodstuff 9.9%
  • Chemicals 9.9%
  • Manufactured Goods 9.3%
  • Raw Materials 6.9%
  • Transport Equipment 5.0%
  • Others: 14.4%[19]
Main import partners
  • Economy of Japan China Decrease 22.3%
    • Economy of Japan Hong Kong 0.2%
  • Economy of Japan ASEAN Decrease 15.4%
  • Economy of Japan United States Decrease 10.5%
  • Economy of Japan European Union Decrease 10.2%
  • Economy of Japan Australia Decrease 8.3%
  • Economy of Japan United Arab Emirates Decrease 4.7%
  • Economy of Japan Taiwan Decrease 4.5%
  • Economy of Japan Saudi Arabia Decrease 4.4%
  • Economy of Japan South Korea Decrease 4.0%
  • (2023)[19]
FDI stock
  • Decrease Inward: $25 billion (2021)[20]
  • Increase Outward: $147 billion (2021)[20]
Current account
Decrease $58.108 billion (2022)[21]
Gross external debt
Negative increase $4.54 trillion (March 2023)[22]
(103.2% of GDP)
Public finances
Government debt
  • Negative increase ¥1.457 quadrillion
  • Negative increase 263.9% of GDP (2022)[21]
Budget balance
1.35% of GDP (2022 est.)[21]
Revenues¥196,214 billion[21]
35.5% of GDP (2022)[21]
Expenses¥239,694 billion[21]
43.4% of GDP (2022)[21]
Economic aiddonor: ODA, $10.37 billion (2016)[23]
Credit rating
  • Standard & Poor's:[24][25]
  • A+ (Domestic)
  • A+ (Foreign)
  • AA+ (T&C Assessment)
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Moody's:[25]
  • A1
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Fitch:[25]
  • A
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Scope Ratings:[26]
  • A
  • Outlook: Stable
Foreign reserves
Increase $1.2 trillion (2023)[27]
Main data source: CIA World Fact Book
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

The economy of Japan is a highly developed/advanced social market economy, often referred to as an East Asian model.[28] It is the 4th-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP behind the United States, China, and Germany and the 4th-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).[29][30]

According to the IMF, the country's per capita GDP (PPP) was at $54,184 (2024).[4][31] Due to a volatile currency exchange rate, Japan's GDP as measured in dollars fluctuates sharply. The Japanese economy is forecast by the Quarterly Tankan survey of business sentiment conducted by the Bank of Japan.[32] The Nikkei 225 presents the monthly report of top blue chip equities on the Japan Exchange Group, which is the world's fifth-largest stock exchange by market capitalisation.[33][34] In 2018, Japan was the world's fourth-largest importer and the fourth-largest exporter.[35] It has the world's second-largest foreign-exchange reserves, worth $1.4 trillion.[36] It ranks 5th on the Global Competitiveness Report.[37] It ranks first in the world in the Economic Complexity Index.[38] Japan is also the world's fourth-largest consumer market.[39] Among OECD members, Japan has a highly efficient and strong social security system, which comprises roughly 23.5% of GDP.[40][41][42]

Japan is the world's second-largest automobile manufacturing country.[43] It is often ranked among the world's most innovative countries, leading several measures of global patent filings. Facing increasing competition from China and South Korea,[44] manufacturing in Japan currently focuses primarily on high-tech and precision goods, such as integrated circuits, hybrid vehicles, and robotics.[45] Besides the Kantō region,[46][47][48][49] the Kansai region is one of the leading industrial clusters and manufacturing centers for the Japanese economy.[50] Japan is the world's largest creditor nation.[51][52][53] Japan generally runs an annual trade surplus and has a considerable net international investment surplus. Japan has the third-largest financial assets in the world, valued at $12 trillion, or 8.6% of the global GDP total as of 2020.[54][55] As of 2022, 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies are based in Japan.[56] The country is the third-largest in the world by total wealth.

Japan had formerly the second-largest assets and wealth, behind only the United States in both categories, until it was surpassed by China in both assets and wealth.[57][58] Japan also had the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP behind the United States. In 2010, it was surpassed by China.[59] Japan is the world's 7th largest high-technology exporter.[60] It ranks 3rd in the world by number of patent applications.[61]

The Japanese asset price bubble in 1991 led to a period of economic stagnation known as the "Lost Decade", sometimes extended to a "lost 20 years" or greater. The Plaza Accord of 1985, an agreement among major economies to devalue the US dollar relative to the Yen, led to a rapid appreciation of the currency.[62][63][64] From 1995 to 2007, GDP fell from $5.33 trillion to $5.04 trillion in nominal terms.[65] From the early 2000s, the Bank of Japan set out to encourage economic growth through a novel policy of quantitative easing.[66] Debt levels in Japan continued to rise in response to the global financial crisis during the Great Recession in 2008, as well as national crises, including the triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster), the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession.

As of 2021, Japan has significantly higher levels of public debt than any other developed nation at approximately 260% of GDP.[67][68] 45% of this debt is held by the Bank of Japan.[67] The Japanese economy faces considerable challenges posed by an aging and declining population, which peaked at 128 million in 2010 and has fallen to 124.3 million as of 2023.[69] Projections show the population will continue to fall, potentially to below 100 million by the middle of the 21st century.[70][71]

  1. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  2. ^ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  3. ^ Source
  4. ^ a b c d e [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report? c=158,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: April 2024"]. imf.org. International Monetary Fund. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); line feed character in |url= at position 76 (help)
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