Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Quisqualic acid is an agonist of the AMPA, kainate, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. It is one of the most potent AMPA receptor agonists known.[2][3][4][5] It causes excitotoxicity and is used in neuroscience to selectively destroy neurons in the brain or spinal cord.[6][7][8] Quisqualic acid occurs naturally in the seeds of Quisqualis species.
Research conducted by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, has demonstrated quisqualic acid is also present within the flower petals of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) and is responsible for causing rigid paralysis of the Japanese beetle.[9][10] Quisqualic acid is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, which is a neurotransmitter in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system.[11]
^"Quisqualic acid". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
^Jin R, Horning M, Mayer ML, Gouaux E (December 2002). "Mechanism of activation and selectivity in a ligand-gated ion channel: structural and functional studies of GluR2 and quisqualate". Biochemistry. 41 (52): 15635–15643. doi:10.1021/bi020583k. PMID 12501192.
^Kuang D, Hampson DR (June 2006). "Ion dependence of ligand binding to metabotropic glutamate receptors". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 345 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.064. PMID 16674916.
^Zhang W, Robert A, Vogensen SB, Howe JR (August 2006). "The relationship between agonist potency and AMPA receptor kinetics". Biophysical Journal. 91 (4): 1336–1346. Bibcode:2006BpJ....91.1336Z. doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.084426. PMC 1518651. PMID 16731549.
^Giovannelli L, Casamenti F, Pepeu G (4 November 1998). "C-fos expression in the rat nucleus basalis upon excitotoxic lesion with quisqualic acid: a study in adult and aged animals". Journal of Neural Transmission. 105 (8–9): 935–948. doi:10.1007/s007020050103. PMID 9869327. S2CID 24942954.
^Lee JW, Furmanski O, Castellanos DA, Daniels LA, Hama AT, Sagen J (July 2008). "Prolonged nociceptive responses to hind paw formalin injection in rats with a spinal cord injury". Neuroscience Letters. 439 (2): 212–215. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.030. PMC 2680189. PMID 18524486.
^Flores A (March 2010). "Geraniums and Begonias: New Research on Old Garden Favorites". Agricultural Research Magazine.
^Ranger CM, Winter RE, Singh AP, Reding ME, Frantz JM, Locke JC, Krause CR (January 2011). "Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (4): 1217–1221. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.1217R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013497108. PMC 3029778. PMID 21205899.
^Usherwood PN (1 January 1994). "Insect Glutamate Receptors". Advances in Insect Physiology. 24: 309–341. doi:10.1016/S0065-2806(08)60086-7. ISBN 9780120242245.
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