Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O;[2] encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins in some methanogenic archaea and bacteria;[3][4] it is not present in humans. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH+ 3 form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions). Its pyrroline side-chain is similar to that of lysine in being basic and positively charged at neutral pH.[citation needed]
^International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 1392. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
^"Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides". IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. 1983. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
^Richard Cammack, ed. (2009). "Newsletter 2009". Biochemical Nomenclature Committee of IUPAC and NC-IUBMB. Pyrrolysine. Archived from the original on 2017-09-12. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
^Rother, Michael; Krzycki, Joseph A. (2010-01-01). "Selenocysteine, Pyrrolysine, and the Unique Energy Metabolism of Methanogenic Archaea". Archaea. 2010: 1–14. doi:10.1155/2010/453642. ISSN 1472-3646. PMC 2933860. PMID 20847933.
Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O; encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins in some methanogenic...
in the standard genetic code and an additional 2 (selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) that can be incorporated by special translation mechanisms. In contrast...
similar cysteine, and participates in several unique enzymatic reactions. Pyrrolysine (Pyl, O) is another amino acid not encoded in DNA, but synthesized into...
glutamic acid, serine, and selenocysteine (considered the 21st amino acid). Pyrrolysine (considered the 22nd amino acid), which is proteinogenic only in certain...
code for pyrrolysine. Selenocysteine came to be seen as the 21st amino acid, and pyrrolysine as the 22nd. Both selenocysteine and pyrrolysine may be present...
In biology, the PYLIS downstream sequence (PYLIS: pyrrolysine insertion sequence) is a stem-loop structure that appears on some mRNA sequences. This structural...
beta-lactam antibiotic MTSL, a chemical used for certain NMR experiments Pyrrolysine, an unusual proteinogenic amino acid 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, a...
can expand its genetic code from 20 to 21 amino acids (by including pyrrolysine) under different conditions of growth. Strain Z-7288T (= DSM 5501 = ATCC...
organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are...
animal digestive tracts. Methanosarcina grow in colonies. The amino acid pyrrolysine was first discovered in a Methanosarcina species, M. barkeri. Primitive...
incorporated into some proteins at a UGA codon, which is normally a stop codon. Pyrrolysine is incorporated into some proteins at a UAG codon. For instance, in some...
Isoleucine (I) K Lysine L Leucine M Methionine/Start codon N Asparagine O Pyrrolysine (rare) P Proline Q Glutamine R Arginine S Serine T Threonine U Selenocysteine...
nuclear spin of 1/2 and can be used for high-resolution NMR, among others. Pyrrolysine, another amino acid not in the basic set of 20. Selenomethionine, another...
this enzyme, and anywhere else pyrrolysine is incorporated, likely through contextual markers on the mRNA, the pyrrolysine-loaded tRNA is inserted instead...
canonical twenty; two additional canonical amino acids (selenocysteine, pyrrolysine) are inserted into proteins by recoding translation termination signals...
Histidine I Isoleucine K Lysine L Leucine M Methionine N Asparagine O Pyrrolysine P Proline Q Glutamine R Arginine S Serine T Threonine U Selenocysteine...
have been run for other organisms. The UAG codon can translate into pyrrolysine (Pyl) in a similar manner. Distribution of stop codons within the genome...
2011). "The complete biosynthesis of the genetically encoded amino acid pyrrolysine from lysine". Nature. 471 (7340): 647–50. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..647G...
biosynthesis. In rare cases, special amino acids such as selenocysteine or pyrrolysine can be incorporated by the translational apparatus in to proteins of...
Additionally, M. barkeri is the first organism in which the amino acid pyrrolysine was found. Furthermore, two strains of M. barkeri, M. b. Fusaro and M...
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