Xenobiology (XB) is a subfield of synthetic biology, the study of synthesizing and manipulating biological devices and systems.[1] The name "xenobiology" derives from the Greek word xenos, which means "stranger, alien". Xenobiology is a form of biology that is not (yet) familiar to science and is not found in nature.[2] In practice, it describes novel biological systems and biochemistries that differ from the canonical DNA–RNA-20 amino acid system (see central dogma of molecular biology). For example, instead of DNA or RNA, XB explores nucleic acid analogues, termed xeno nucleic acid (XNA) as information carriers.[3] It also focuses on an expanded genetic code[4] and the incorporation of non-proteinogenic amino acids, or “xeno amino acids” into proteins.[5][6]
^Budisa, Nediljko; Kubyshkin, Vladimir; Schmidt, Markus (22 April 2020). "Xenobiology: A Journey towards Parallel Life Forms". ChemBioChem. 21 (16): 2228–2231. doi:10.1002/cbic.202000141. PMID 32323410.
^Schmidt, Markus (9 March 2010). "Xenobiology: A new form of life as the ultimate biosafety tool". BioEssays. 32 (4): 322–31. doi:10.1002/bies.200900147. PMC 2909387. PMID 20217844.
^Pinheiro, V.B.; Holliger, P. (2012). "The XNA world: Progress towards replication and evolution of synthetic genetic polymers". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 16 (3–4): 245–52. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.198. PMID 22704981.
^Bain, J. D.; Switzer, C.; Chamberlin, R.; Benner, Steven A. (1992). "Ribosome-mediated incorporation of a non-standard amino acid into a peptide through expansion of the genetic code". Nature. 356 (6369): 537–39. Bibcode:1992Natur.356..537B. doi:10.1038/356537a0. PMID 1560827. S2CID 4286160.
^Noren, C.J.; Anthony-Cahill, S.J.; Griffith, M.C.; Schultz, P.G. (1989). "A general method for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins". Science. 244 (4901): 182–88. Bibcode:1989Sci...244..182N. doi:10.1126/science.2649980. PMID 2649980.
^Brown, Sean M.; Mayer-Bacon, Christopher; Freeland, Stephen (December 2023). "Xeno Amino Acids: A Look into Biochemistry as We Do Not Know It". Life. 13 (12): 2281. Bibcode:2023Life...13.2281B. doi:10.3390/life13122281. ISSN 2075-1729. PMC 10744825. PMID 38137883.
Xenobiology (XB) is a subfield of synthetic biology, the study of synthesizing and manipulating biological devices and systems. The name "xenobiology"...
limited to search of life external to Earth. Another associated term is xenobiology, from the Greek ξένος, "foreign"; βίος, "life"; and -λογία, "study",...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
and return to Mars. Dr. Franklin takes a position on Earth as head of xenobiology. G'Kar discovers he has become a religious figure and unable to stay...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
learns of tension since Pipo's death: Novinha has turned away from xenobiology to study crop growth and had a loveless abusive relationship with Marcos;...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
believed by witnesses to be alien in origin, unrelated to astrobiology or xenobiology. List of UFO religions List of investigations of UFOs by governments...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
also called xeno nucleic acids and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
Science of Extraterrestrial Life) is a 2002 popular science book about xenobiology by biologist Jack Cohen and mathematician Ian Stewart. The concept for...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
artificial DNA bases and/or amino acids. This subfield is also connected to xenobiology, a newly developed field that combines systems chemistry, synthetic biology...
Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology Research Biologist (list) List of biology awards List of journals...
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