A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing alpha helices, represented by ribbons. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, for which they received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry
A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes.[1] Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as vitamins and hormones. A more general name for this class of material is biological materials. Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms, those biomolecules are often endogenous,[2] produced within the organism[3] but organisms usually need exogenous biomolecules, for example certain nutrients, to survive.
Biology and its subfields of biochemistry and molecular biology study biomolecules and their reactions. Most biomolecules are organic compounds, and just four elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—make up 96% of the human body's mass. But many other elements, such as the various biometals, are also present in small amounts.
The uniformity of both specific types of molecules (the biomolecules) and of certain metabolic pathways are invariant features among the wide diversity of life forms; thus these biomolecules and metabolic pathways are referred to as "biochemical universals"[4] or "theory of material unity of the living beings", a unifying concept in biology, along with cell theory and evolution theory.[5]
^Bunge, M. (1979). Treatise on Basic Philosophy, vol. 4. Ontology II: A World of Systems, p. 61-2. link.
^Voon, C. H.; Sam, S. T. (2019). "2.1 Biosensors". Nanobiosensors for Biomolecular Targeting. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-813900-4.
^endogeny. (2011) Segen's Medical Dictionary. The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Farlex, Inc. Accessed June 27, 2019.
^Green, D. E.; Goldberger, R. (1967). Molecular Insights into the Living Process. New York: Academic Press – via Google Books.
^Gayon, J. (1998). "La philosophie et la biologie". In Mattéi, J. F. (ed.). Encyclopédie philosophique universelle. Vol. IV, Le Discours philosophique. Presses Universitaires de France. pp. 2152–2171. ISBN 9782130448631 – via Google Books.
A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological...
Biomolecules and Biomedicine is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open-access medical journal published by the Association of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation...
The Biomolecule Stretching Database contains information about the mechanostability of proteins based on their resistance to stretching. Sikora, Mateusz;...
This is a list of articles that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X...
method of separating a biomolecule from a mixture, based on a highly specific macromolecular binding interaction between the biomolecule and another substance...
and 2) biomolecule-crosslinked polymer nanocapsules, which are nanocapsules with biomacromolecules centered within the polymer shells. Biomolecule-linear...
sugar-rings of two adjacent nucleotide monomers, thereby creating a long chain biomolecule. These chain-joins of phosphates with sugars (ribose or deoxyribose)...
lists: List of inorganic compounds, compounds without a C–H bond List of biomolecules Chemical substance – Form of matter Inorganic compounds by element List...
specialized; for instance, lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down biomolecules in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells. The...
joining small modular units. In many applications, click reactions join a biomolecule and a reporter molecule. Click chemistry is not limited to biological...
History Key components Biomolecules Enzymes Gene expression Metabolism List of biochemists Biochemist List of biochemists Biomolecule families Carbohydrates:...
more. The 4 main classes of molecules in biochemistry (often called biomolecules) are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Many biological...
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other...
lipidation) is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein or a biomolecule. It is usually assumed that prenyl groups (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl) facilitate...
cytoplasm of a red blood cell is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells...
History Key components Biomolecules Enzymes Gene expression Metabolism List of biochemists Biochemist List of biochemists Biomolecule families Carbohydrates:...
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions...
History Key components Biomolecules Enzymes Gene expression Metabolism List of biochemists Biochemist List of biochemists Biomolecule families Carbohydrates:...
additive which has been assigned E number 101 Flavin mononucleotide, biomolecule produced from riboflavin European route E101, autoroad of International...
phosphate pathway, which produces less energy but supports anabolism (biomolecule synthesis). This pathway reduces the coenzyme NADP+ to NADPH and produces...
quantification of all kind of proteins or other biomolecules like peptides. MeCAT comprises a site-specific biomolecule tagging group with at least a strong chelate...
often than normal Solvent-accessible surface, the surface area of a biomolecule that is accessible to a solvent Subarachnoid space, the space between...
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