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Part of a series on
Chemical agents
Lethal agents
Blood
Cyanogen chloride (CK)
Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
Arsine (SA)
Blister
Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
Lewisite (L)
Mustard gas (HD H HT HL HQ)
Nitrogen mustard
HN1
HN2
HN3
Phosgene oxime (CX)
C01-A035
C01-A039
Nerve
G-agents
Tabun (GA)
Sarin (GB)
Chlorosarin (GC)
Soman (GD)
Ethylsarin (GE)
Cyclosarin (GF)
GV
V-agents
EA-3148
V-sub x/GD-7,
VE
VG
VM
VP
VR
VS
VX
Novichok agents
A-230
A-232
A-234
A-242
A-262
C01-A035
C01-A039
C01-A042
Pulmonary/choking
Chlorine
Chloropicrin (PS)
Phosgene (CG)
Diphosgene (DP)
Disulfur decafluoride
Vomiting
Adamsite
Chloropicrin
Diphenylchlorarsine
Diphenylcyanoarsine
Diphenylamincyanoarsine
Incapacitating agents
Agent 15 (BZ)
Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
EA-3167
Kolokol-1
PAVA spray
Sleeping gas
Riot-control (RCAs)
Xylyl bromide
Pepper spray (OC)
CS
CN (mace)
CR
List of chemical warfare agents
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A pulmonary agent, or choking agent, is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's ability to breathe. They operate by causing a build-up of fluids in the lungs, which then leads to suffocation. Exposure to the eyes and skin tends to be corrosive, causing blurred vision and severe deep burns. Inhalation of these agents cause burning of the throat, coughing, vomiting, headache, pain in chest, tightness in chest, and respiratory and circulatory failure.
Examples of pulmonary agents include:
Chlorine gas
Chloropicrin (PS)
Diphosgene (DP)
Phosgene (CG)
Disulfur decafluoride
Perfluoroisobutene
Acrolein
Diphenylcyanoarsine
Phosgene is the most dangerous commonly used pulmonary agent (although disulfur decafluoride and perfluoroisobutene are both even more dangerous, with respectively 4 and 10 times the lethality of phosgene, neither is widely used). It is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions. It has a vapor density 3.4 times greater than that of air, allowing it to remain low in the air for long periods of times. Phosgene leads to massive pulmonary edema, which reaches maximum symptoms in 12 hours after exposure, followed by death within 24 to 48 hours.
Chlorine is an element used in industry. It is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. It is used to make pesticides, rubber, and solvents. It is also used in drinking water and swimming pools to kill bacteria. The extent of poisoning chlorine causes depends on the amount of chlorine to which a person is exposed.
A pulmonaryagent, or choking agent, is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's ability to breathe. They operate by causing a build-up of...
cyanide (AC) Arsine (SA) These substances are sometime referred to as pulmonaryagent or lung irritants and cause injury to the lung-blood barrier resulting...
informed of applications in their states. Chloropicrin (PS): Lung Damaging Agent. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Emergency Response...
Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. Symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough, feeling tired, weight...
agents (certain types of birds, malt processing) an autoimmune diathesis that might predispose to certain conditions (pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension)...
Pulmonary hypertension (PH or PHTN) is a condition of increased blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fainting...
tetroxide or fuming nitric acid. It's a powerful lachrymatory agent and pulmonaryagent that is six times more toxic than chloropicrin. Tetrachlorodinitroethane...
Pulmonary edema (British English: oedema), also known as pulmonary congestion, is excessive fluid accumulation in the tissue or air spaces (usually alveoli)...
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism)...
tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. Pulmonary function...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation...
contrast agent at a high-rate using an injector pump. Images are acquired with the maximum intensity of radio-opaque contrast in the pulmonary arteries...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or (formerly) fibrosing alveolitis, is a rare, progressive illness of the respiratory system, characterized by the...
I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas...
Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal...
Trichloronitrosomethane is a chlorinated nitrosoalkane. It is a deep blue liquid with powerful lachrymatory effects. Trichloronitrosomethane can be produced...
as skin damage. Higher levels of exposure, over 21 ppm, can result in pulmonary or lung edema, emphysema and hemorrhages, bronchial pneumonia and death...
10 into NSF 3. S 2F 10 was considered a potential chemical warfare pulmonaryagent in World War II because it does not produce lacrimation or skin irritation...
temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest...
barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, chlorine gas (among other pulmonaryagents), ingested gasoline or other petroleum distillates, ingested or skin...
Perfluoroisobutene (PFIB) is the perfluorocarbon counterpart of the hydrocarbon isobutene and has the formula (CF3)2C=CF2. A fluoroalkene, it is a colorless...
Decontamination varies with the particular chemical agent used. Some nonpersistent agents, including most pulmonaryagents (chlorine, phosgene, and so on), blood gases...
the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic...
causes nausea, vomiting, and headaches. It can subsequently lead to e.g. pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs). Cacodyl cyanide Clark 1 Chemical weapons Sturniolo...
[CH3C(O)CH2CH2N(H)Et2]Cl → CH3C(O)CH=CH2 + [H2NEt2]Cl MVK can act as an alkylating agent because it is an effective Michael acceptor. It gained early attention for...
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