Psychological impact of discrimination on health information
Healthcare phenomenon
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The psychological impact of discrimination on health refers to the cognitive pathways through which discrimination impacts mental and physical health in members of marginalized, subordinate, and low-status groups (e.g. racial and sexual minorities). Research on the relation between discrimination and health became a topic of interest in the 1990s, when researchers proposed that persisting racial/ethnic disparities in health outcomes could potentially be explained by racial/ethnic differences in experiences with discrimination.[1] Although the bulk of the research tend to focus on the interactions between interpersonal discrimination and health, researchers studying discrimination and health in the United States have proposed that institutional discrimination and cultural racism also give rise to conditions that contribute to persisting racial and economic health disparities.[2][3]
A stress and coping framework[4] is often applied to investigate how discrimination influences health outcomes in racial, gender, and sexual minorities, as well as on immigrants and indigenous populations.[5][6] Findings indicate that experiences of discrimination tend to translate into worse physical and mental health and lead to increased participation in unhealthy behaviors.[7] Evidence of the inverse link between discrimination and health has been consistent across multiple population groups and various cultural and national contexts.[8]
^Krieger, Nancy (1999). "Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination". International Journal of Health Services. 29 (2): 295–352. doi:10.2190/M11W-VWXE-KQM9-G97Q. ISSN 0020-7314. PMID 10379455. S2CID 2742219.
^Williams, David R.; Lawrence, Jourdyn A.; Davis, Brigette A. (2019-04-01). "Racism and Health: Evidence and Needed Research". Annual Review of Public Health. 40 (1): 105–125. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750. ISSN 0163-7525. PMC 6532402. PMID 30601726.
^Mohai, Paul; Pellow, David; Roberts, J. Timmons (2009-11-01). "Environmental Justice". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 34 (1): 405–430. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-082508-094348. ISSN 1543-5938.
^Major, Brenda; Quinton, Wendy J.; McCoy, Shannon K. (2002), Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 34, Elsevier, pp. 251–330, doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(02)80007-7, ISBN 9780120152346, retrieved 2022-11-15
^Krieger, Nancy (2014). "Discrimination and Health Inequities". International Journal of Health Services. 44 (4): 643–710. doi:10.2190/HS.44.4.b. ISSN 0020-7314. PMID 25626224. S2CID 30287261.
^Pascoe, Elizabeth A.; Smart Richman, Laura (2009). "Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review". Psychological Bulletin. 135 (4): 531–554. doi:10.1037/a0016059. hdl:10161/11809. ISSN 1939-1455. PMC 2747726. PMID 19586161.
^Inzlicht, Michael; McKay, Linda; Aronson, Joshua (2006). "Stigma as Ego Depletion: How Being the Target of Prejudice Affects Self-Control". Psychological Science. 17 (3): 262–269. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01695.x. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 16507068. S2CID 1930863.
^Williams, David R.; Mohammed, Selina A. (2009). "Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research". Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 32 (1): 20–47. doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0. ISSN 0160-7715. PMC 2821669. PMID 19030981.
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