A 3D cartoon of procalcitonin's daughter compound, calcitonin
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin, the latter being involved with calcium homeostasis. It arises once preprocalcitonin is cleaved by endopeptidase.[1] It was first identified by Leonard J. Deftos and Bernard A. Roos in the 1970s.[2] It is composed of 116 amino acids and is produced by parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid and by the neuroendocrine cells of the lung and the intestine.
The level of procalcitonin in the blood stream of healthy individuals is below the limit of detection (0.01 µg/L) of clinical assays.[3] The level of procalcitonin rises in a response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus, especially of bacterial origin. It is therefore often classed as an acute phase reactant.[4] The induction period for procalcitonin ranges from 4–12 hours with a half-life spanning anywhere from 22–35 hours.[5] It does not rise significantly with viral or non-infectious inflammations. In the case of viral infections this is due to the fact that one of the cellular responses to a viral infection is to produce interferon gamma, which also inhibits the initial formation of procalcitonin.[6] With the inflammatory cascade and systemic response that a severe infection brings, the blood levels of procalcitonin may rise multiple orders of magnitude with higher values correlating with more severe disease.[7] However, the high procalcitonin levels produced during infections are not followed by a parallel increase in calcitonin or a decrease in serum calcium levels.[8]
^Deftos LJ, Roos BA, Parthemore JG (December 1975). "Calcium and skeletal metabolism". The Western Journal of Medicine. 123 (6): 447–58. PMC 1130411. PMID 1105981.
^Dandona P, Nix D, Wilson MF, Aljada A, Love J, Assicot M, Bohuon C (December 1994). "Procalcitonin increase after endotoxin injection in normal subjects". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 79 (6): 1605–8. doi:10.1210/jcem.79.6.7989463. PMID 7989463.
^Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG, eds. (2012). "Bacterial infections in the neonate". Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (4th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-1437727029.
^Reinhart K, Karzai W, Meisner M (September 2000). "Procalcitonin as a marker of the systemic inflammatory response to infection". Intensive Care Medicine. 26 (9): 1193–200. doi:10.1007/s001340000624. PMC 7095266. PMID 11089742.
^Sandkovsky, Uriel; Kalil, Andre C.; Florescu, Diana F. (2015-06-22). "The use and value of procalcitonin in solid organ transplantation". Clinical Transplantation. 29 (8): 689–696. doi:10.1111/ctr.12568. ISSN 0902-0063. PMID 25996831. S2CID 10673879.
^Meisner M (2010). Procalcitonin biochemistry and clinical diagnosis (1st ed.). Bremen: UNI-MED-Verl. ISBN 9783837412413. OCLC 697831954.
^Assicot, M.; Bohuon, C.; Gendrel, D.; Raymond, J.; Carsin, H.; Guilbaud, J. (1993-02-27). "High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection". Lancet. 341 (8844): 515–518. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90277-N. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7141580. PMID 8094770.
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin, the latter being involved with calcium homeostasis. It arises once preprocalcitonin...
procalcitonin (a blood marker for bacterial infections) to guide the initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment, against no use of procalcitonin...
hemogram/complete blood count, ESR and other acute phase reactants Procalcitonin test, more specific On a posteroanterior and lateral chest radiograph...
nasal calcitonin especially for treatment of postmenopausal bone loss. Procalcitonin GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110680 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...
Prkno, Anna; Brunkhorst, Frank M.; Schlattmann, Peter (May 2013). "Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"...
Stríz I, Jaresová M, Lácha J, Sedlácek J, Vítko S (2002). "MRP 8/14 and procalcitonin serum levels in organ transplantations". Annals of Transplantation....
infections or inflammatory conditions and are, therefore, nonspecific. Procalcitonin may be more useful than CRP. Blood cultures can be positive in up to...
convincing evidence of pneumonia, antibiotics are not recommended. Procalcitonin may help determine the cause and support decisions about who should...
concluded moderate-quality evidence exists to support the use of the procalcitonin level as a method to distinguish sepsis from non-infectious causes of...
following estimates incorrect. The blood tests C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin have not been found to be particularly useful in helping make or rule...
0.8% of the time. Preliminary studies have suggested that elevated procalcitonin levels may assist clinicians in determining the presence of bacterial...
Pragmatic clinical trial Primary care trusts, UK NHS bodies 2001–2013 Procalcitonin, a precursor of the hormone calcitonin Progestogen challenge test Proximal...
g/mol Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol "Procalcitonin, Serum". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2015-03-01. The Society for American...
aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, procalcitonin and creatinine" as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Ferritin and IL-6 are...
especially in the decompensated disease stage: C-reactive protein (CRP) Procalcitonin (PCT) Presepsin soluble CD14 soluble CD163 soluble CD206 (mannose receptor)...
help to identify viral meningitis. CSF vs serum c-reactive protein and procalcitonin have not been shown to elucidate whether meningitis is bacterial or...
antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections: C-reactive protein testing, procalcitonin-guided management, and shared decision-making between physicians and...
stewardship interventions to influence the healthcare drivers of AMR. Serum procalcitonin measurement has been shown to reduce mortality rate, antimicrobial consumption...
with melioidosis. However, other tests such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels are not reliable in predicting the severity of melioidosis infection...
urine culture, c-reactive protein (CRP) (marker of inflammation), procalcitonin (marker of inflammation), fibrinogen, D-dimer, bilirubin labs, and more...
Rapid CRP may refer to: A quick test of C-reactive protein Procalcitonin, also a marker of inflammation, and its rise can be detected sooner after onset...
biomarker than more commonly utilized indicators of sepsis, such as procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). One advantage it does have compared...
markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein) or procalcitonin are not sensitive nor specific in diagnosis PJIs. Plain radiography...
was detected in one-quarter of the children. Furthermore, he studied procalcitonin-guided use of antibiotics in context of lower respiratory tract infection...
audits with feedback, antimicrobial guidelines, and measures, such as Procalcitonin-guided prescribing, show promise during the pandemic or crisis. Standardizing...
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