Prenatal stress (or prenatal maternal stress) is exposure of an expectant mother to psychosocial or physical stress, which can be caused by daily life events or by environmental hardships.[1][2] This psychosocial or physical stress that the expectant mother is experiencing has an effect on the fetus. According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), a wide range of environmental factors a woman may experience during the perinatal period can contribute to biological impacts and changes in the fetus that then causes health risks later in the child's life.[3]
Health risks include impaired cognitive development, low birth weight, and risk of mental disorders in the offspring.[2]
^Preis H, Mahaffey B, Heiselman C, Lobel M (December 2020). "Vulnerability and resilience to pandemic-related stress among U.S. women pregnant at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic". Social Science & Medicine. 266: 113348. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113348. PMC 7474815. PMID 32927382.
^ abLiu CH, Erdei C, Mittal L (January 2021). "Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in perinatal women during the COVID-19 Pandemic". Psychiatry Research. 295: 113552. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113552. PMC 7904099. PMID 33229122.
^McKenna BG, Hendrix CL, Brennan PA, Smith AK, Stowe ZN, Newport DJ, Knight AK (March 2021). "Maternal prenatal depression and epigenetic age deceleration: testing potentially confounding effects of prenatal stress and SSRI use". Epigenetics. 16 (3): 327–337. doi:10.1080/15592294.2020.1795604. PMC 7901550. PMID 32660321.
Prenatalstress (or prenatal maternal stress) is exposure of an expectant mother to psychosocial or physical stress, which can be caused by daily life...
These factors include the role of prenatal and perinatal exposure to environmental factors, such as undernutrition, stress, environmental chemical, etc. This...
Prenatal development (from Latin natalis 'relating to birth') involves the development of the embryo and of the fetus during a viviparous animal's gestation...
Grosse P, Battaglia L, Cannova E, English G, et al. (November 2023). "Prenatalstress and externalizing behaviors in childhood and adolescence: A systematic...
brominated flame retardants, alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs, vaccines, and prenatalstress. Some, such as the MMR vaccine, have been completely disproven. Parents...
Environmental risk factors are many, and include pregnancy complications, prenatalstress and nutrition, and adverse childhood experiences. An environmental...
with natural experiments involving prenatal exposure to storms; animal studies have reported that prenatalstress can disrupt brain development and produce...
Prenatal testing is a tool that can be used to detect some birth defects at various stages prior to birth. Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening...
aversion to tactile stimuli and reduced habituation. In animal models, prenatalstress significantly increased tactile avoidance. Recent research has also...
homeostasis. Sheila Kitzinger found a correlation between the mother's prenatalstress level and later amount of crying by the infant. She also found a correlation...
fetus. Up until the age of 2 years, children who have been exposed to prenatalstress have shortened and disorganized sleeping patterns. During early childhood...
stressed parents. Although the stress is applied prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress...
Storm (Projet Verglas) was created to monitor the long-term effect of prenatalstress. Researchers at McGill University set up the project in the immediate...
van den Bree M, Hay DF, Thapar A (February 2010). "The links between prenatalstress and offspring development and psychopathology: disentangling environmental...
individual differences in stress reactivity and vulnerability to disorders. Models of early life stress involve prenatalstress, early postnatal handling...
Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), theorized in the 1970s, occurs when a pregnant woman uses cocaine including crack cocaine and thereby exposes her fetus...
Prenatal psychology can be seen as a part of developmental psychology, although historically it was developed in the heterogenous field of psychoanalysis...
2021. "Economists go wild over overlooked citations in preprint on prenatalstress". Retraction Watch. May 26, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2021. Andrew...
"Developmental plasticity in covariance structure of the skull: effects of prenatalstress". Journal of Anatomy. 218 (2): 243–257. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010...
Prenatal care in the United States is a health care preventive care protocol recommended to women with the goal to provide regular check-ups that allow...
affect regulation. A reduction in this gene is believed to lead to prenatalstress, postnatal depression, and social anxiety. Further research must be...
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