The slide describes the relationship between the key components of imagination: simple memory recall, mental synthesis, and spontaneous insight.
Prefrontal synthesis (PFS, also known as mental synthesis) is the conscious purposeful process of synthesizing novel mental images. PFS is neurologically different from the other types of imagination, such as simple memory recall and dreaming. Unlike dreaming, which is spontaneous and not controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC),[1] PFS is controlled by and completely dependent on the intact lateral prefrontal cortex.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Unlike simple memory recall that involves activation of a single neuronal ensemble (NE) encoded at some point in the past, PFS involves active combination of two or more object-encoding neuronal ensembles (objectNE). The mechanism of PFS is hypothesized to involve synchronization of several independent objectNEs.[8] When objectNEs fire out-of-sync, the objects are perceived one at a time. However, once those objectNEs are time-shifted by the lateral PFC to fire in-phase with each other, they are consciously experienced as one unified object or scene.
^Braun, A. (1 July 1997). "Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study". Brain. 120 (7): 1173–1197. doi:10.1093/brain/120.7.1173. PMID 9236630.
^Christoff, Kalina; Gabrieli, John D. E. (4 November 2013). "The frontopolar cortex and human cognition: Evidence for a rostrocaudal hierarchical organization within the human prefrontal cortex". Psychobiology. 28 (2): 168–186. doi:10.3758/BF03331976. ISSN 0889-6313. S2CID 14121692.
^Waltz, J. A.; Knowlton, B. J.; Holyoak, K. J.; Boone, K. B.; Mishkin, F. S.; de Menezes Santos, M.; Thomas, C. R.; Miller, B. L. (1 March 1999). "A System for Relational Reasoning in Human Prefrontal Cortex". Psychological Science. 10 (2): 119–125. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00118. S2CID 44019775.
^Luria, Aleksandr Romanovich (1980). Higher cortical functions in man (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465029600.
^Fuster, Joaquín M. (2008). The prefrontal cortex (4th ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press/Elsevier. ISBN 978-0123736444.
^Baker, S.C.; Rogers, R.D.; Owen, A.M.; Frith, C.D.; Dolan, R.J.; Frackowiak, R.S.J.; Robbins, T.W. (June 1996). "Neural systems engaged by planning: a PET study of the Tower of London task". Neuropsychologia. 34 (6): 515–526. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)00133-6. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-A39D-6. PMID 8736565. S2CID 7366716.
^Vyshedskiy, Andrey; Dunn, Rita (29 December 2015). "Mental synthesis involves the synchronization of independent neuronal ensembles". Research Ideas and Outcomes. 1: e7642. doi:10.3897/rio.1.e7642.
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