In fluid mechanics, pipe flow is a type of fluid flow within a closed conduit, such as a pipe, duct or tube. It is also called as Internal flow.[1] The other type of flow within a conduit is open channel flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways, but differ in one important aspect. Pipe flow does not have a free surface which is found in open-channel flow. Pipe flow, being confined within closed conduit, does not exert direct atmospheric pressure, but does exert hydraulic pressure on the conduit.
Not all flow within a closed conduit is considered pipe flow. Storm sewers are closed conduits but usually maintain a free surface and therefore are considered open-channel flow. The exception to this is when a storm sewer operates at full capacity, and then can become pipe flow.
Energy in pipe flow is expressed as head and is defined by the Bernoulli equation. In order to conceptualize head along the course of flow within a pipe, diagrams often contain a hydraulic grade line (HGL). Pipe flow is subject to frictional losses as defined by the Darcy-Weisbach formula.
^Çengel, Yunus A.; Cimbala, John M. (2006). Fluid mechanics: fundamentals and applications. McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p. 321. ISBN 978-0-07-247236-3.
pipeflow is a type of fluid flow within a closed conduit, such as a pipe, duct or tube. It is also called as Internal flow. The other type of flow within...
as a pipe or between two flat plates, either of two types of flow may occur depending on the velocity and viscosity of the fluid: laminar flow or turbulent...
In fluid mechanics, plug flow is a simple model of the velocity profile of a fluid flowing in a pipe. In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed...
from liquid flow in a pipe to the passage of air over an aircraft wing. It is used to predict the transition from laminar to turbulent flow and is used...
the pipe entrance (more than 10 pipe diameters; more than 50 diameters according to many authors) or other flow disturbances, and when the pipe surface...
meanings, depending on its context. In fluid flow it is the head loss that occurs in a containment such as a pipe or duct due to the effect of the fluid's...
flow are known as flow regimes. Flow patterns in pipes are governed by the diameter of the pipe, the physical properties of the fluids and their flow...
as honeycombs and vanes inserted upstream of the flow meter can reduce the length of straight pipe required. However, they produce only marginal improvements...
appears when supersonic flow in a pipe is decelerated. Examples: In supersonic propulsion: ramjet, scramjet, unstart. In flow control: needle valve, choked...
Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of friction losses in pipeflow as well as open-channel flow. The Darcy friction factor is also known as the Darcy–Weisbach...
iterative method for determining the flow in pipe network systems where the inputs and outputs are known, but the flow inside the network is unknown. The...
the pipe. The volume flow is obtained by multiplying the measured average fluid flow velocity by the inner pipe cross-section. This reference flow value...
Minor losses in pipeflow are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure, or energy reduction in piping systems. Liquid moving through pipes carries...
characteristic of slug flow or laminar flow. A larger Nusselt number corresponds to more active convection, with turbulent flow typically in the 100–1000...
roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe. In 1944, Lewis Ferry Moody...
In fluid dynamics, pipe network analysis is the analysis of the fluid flow through a hydraulics network, containing several or many interconnected branches...
well-mixed, the flow is continuous rather than pulsating, the fluid occupies the entire pipe (precluding silt or trapped gas), the flow profile is even...
A fitting or adapter is used in pipe systems to connect sections of pipe (designated by nominal size, with greater tolerances of variance) or tube (designated...
that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it flows through a constricted section (or choke) of a pipe. The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer...
heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that employs phase transition to transfer heat between two solid interfaces. At the hot interface of a heat pipe, a...
of Practice for Control of Undesirable Static Electricity prescribes pipeflow velocity limits. Because water content has a large impact on the fluids...
(Volumetric flow rate depends on the size of the pipe, shear rate is a measure of how the velocity changes with distance. It is proportional to flow rate, but...
pipe. The onset of turbulence can be predicted by the dimensionless Reynolds number, the ratio of kinetic energy to viscous damping in a fluid flow....
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