"Shockwave" redirects here. For other uses, see Shockwave (disambiguation).
"Bombshock" redirects here. For the Transformers character, see Micromasters.
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Schlieren photograph of an attached shock on a sharp-nosed supersonic bodyUSS Iowa firing at broadside during training exercises in Puerto Rico, 1984. Circular marks are visible where the expanding spherical atmospheric shockwaves from the gun firing meet the water surface.The shockwave from the Chelyabinsk meteor that rocketed across the Russian morning sky on 15 February 2013
In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium. Like an ordinary wave, a shock wave carries energy and can propagate through a medium but is characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous, change in pressure, temperature, and density of the medium.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
For the purpose of comparison, in supersonic flows, additional increased expansion may be achieved through an expansion fan, also known as a Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan. The accompanying expansion wave may approach and eventually collide and recombine with the shock wave, creating a process of destructive interference. The sonic boom associated with the passage of a supersonic aircraft is a type of sound wave produced by constructive interference.
Unlike solitons (another kind of nonlinear wave), the energy and speed of a shock wave alone dissipates relatively quickly with distance. When a shock wave passes through matter, energy is preserved but entropy increases. This change in the matter's properties manifests itself as a decrease in the energy which can be extracted as work, and as a drag force on supersonic objects; shock waves are strongly irreversible processes.
^Anderson, John D. Jr. (January 2001) [1984], Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (3rd ed.), McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, ISBN 978-0-07-237335-6
^Zel'Dovich, Y. B., & Raizer, Y. P. (2012). Physics of shock waves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena. Courier Corporation.
^Landau, L. D., & Lifshitz, E. M. (1987). Fluid Mechanics, Volume 6 of course of theoretical physics. Course of theoretical physics/by LD Landau and EM Lifshitz, 6.
^Courant, R., & Friedrichs, K. O. (1999). Supersonic flow and shock waves (Vol. 21). Springer Science & Business Media.
^Shapiro, A. H. (1953). The dynamics and thermodynamics of compressible fluid flow, vol. 1 (Vol. 454). Ronald Press, New York.
^Liepman, H. W., & Roshko, A. (1957). Elements of gas dynamics. John Willey & Sons.
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stellar wind meets the interstellar medium. The defining criterion of a shockwave is that the bulk velocity of the plasma drops from "supersonic" to "subsonic"...
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