Phospholipase cleavage sites. An enzyme that displays both PLA1 and PLA2 activities is called a Phospholipase B.
A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids[1] into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. Acids trigger the release of bound calcium from cellular stores and the consequent increase in free cytosolic Ca2+, an essential step in calcium signaling to regulate intracellular processes.[2] There are four major classes, termed A, B, C, and D, which are distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze:
Phospholipase A
Phospholipase A1 – cleaves the sn-1 acyl chain (where sn refers to stereospecific numbering).
Phospholipase B – cleaves both sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains; this enzyme is also known as a lysophospholipase.
Phospholipase C – cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. PLCs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger inositol triphosphate.
Phospholipase D – cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phosphatidic acid and an alcohol.
Types C and D are considered phosphodiesterases.
Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase.[3]
Phospholipase A2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyzes the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. The resulting products are lysolecithin and a fatty acid. Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees, blennies and viper snakes.[4]
^"phospholipase" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^Molinari, Giuliano; Nervo, Elsa (2021-02-26). "Role of protons in calcium signaling". The Biochemical Journal. 478 (4): 895–910. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200971. ISSN 1470-8728. PMID 33635336.
^Yu JE, Han SY, Wolfson B, Zhou Q (2018). "The role of endothelial lipase in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cancer". Histology and Histopathology. 33 (1): 1–10. doi:10.14670/HH-11-905. PMC 5858721. PMID 28540715.
^D. M. Vasudevan & S. Sreekumari, Textbook of Biochemistry (5th ed.)
A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. Acids trigger the release of bound calcium...
A2 phospholipases. Additional types of phospholipases include phospholipase A1, phospholipase B, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D. Phospholipases A2...
Phospholipase A can refer to: Phospholipase A1 Phospholipase A2 Outer membrane phospholipase A1 An enzyme that displays both phospholipase A1 and phospholipase...
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure). It is most commonly...
Phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32; systematic name: phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase) encoded by the PLA1A gene is a phospholipase enzyme which removes...
Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4, lipophosphodiesterase II, lecithinase D, choline phosphatase, PLD; systematic name phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase)...
Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD1 gene, though analogues are found in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and even viruses...
The prokaryotic phospholipase A2 domain is found in bacterial and fungal phospholipases. It enables the liberation of fatty acids and lysophospholipid...
Phospholipase B, also known as lysophospholipase, is an enzyme with a combination of both PLA1 and PLA2 activities; that is, it can cleave acyl chains...
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), also known as adiponutrin (ADPN), acylglycerol O-acyltransferase or calcium-independent...
Phospholipase A2 group IVD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4D gene. The phospholipase A2 enzyme family, including PLA2G4D, catalyze...
kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2, also known as 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2, Group VI phospholipase A2, Intracellular membrane-associated...
Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCE1 gene. This gene encodes a phospholipase enzyme (PLCE1) that catalyzes...
Neuropathy target esterase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 (PNPLA6), is an esterase enzyme that in humans is encoded...
PMID 10702683. S2CID 40877378. Ghosh S, Pawelczyk T, Lowenstein JM (Jun 1997). "Phospholipase C isoforms delta 1 and delta 3 from human fibroblasts. High-yield expression...
of three proteins: antigen 5, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase." p. 307, "The venom phospholipases isolated from the three species of yellowjackets in...
Phospholipase C, gamma 1, also known as PLCG1 and PLCgamma1, is a protein that in humans involved in cell growth, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation...
developed for the Nintendo Switch Pla (disambiguation) Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) This disambiguation page lists articles associated...
"Phospholipase A2 as a target protein for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS): crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase...
Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyze the hydrolysis...
activity. Citicoline's effects may also be explained by the reduction of phospholipase A2 activity. Citicoline increases phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The...
the distal limbs of horses. This bacterium uses the virulence factors phospholipase D and mycolic acid to damage eukaryotic cell walls and resist phagocytic...
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