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Phonological history of English close back vowels information


Most dialects of modern English have two close back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/ (realized as central [ʉː] in many dialects) found in words like goose. The STRUT vowel /ʌ/, which historically was back, is often central [ɐ] as well. This article discusses the history of these vowels in various dialects of English, focusing in particular on phonemic splits and mergers involving these sounds.

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Phonological history of English close back vowels

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of modern English have two close back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/...

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Phonological history of English vowels

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transcription delimiters. In the history of English phonology, there have been many diachronic sound changes affecting vowels, especially involving phonemic...

Word Count : 2005

Phonological history of English close front vowels

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transcription delimiters. The close and mid-height front vowels of English (vowels of i and e type) have undergone a variety of changes over time and often...

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Phonological history of English open back vowels

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merger. In the Old English vowel system, the vowels in the open back area were unrounded: /ɑ/, /ɑː/. There were also rounded back vowels of mid-height: /o/...

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Phonological history of English

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Phonological history of English vowels Phonological history of English short A Phonological history of English low back vowels Phonological history of...

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Close back unrounded vowel

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The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...

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Close back rounded vowel

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The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...

Word Count : 2665

Phonological history of English consonants

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article describes those aspects of the phonological history of the English language which concern consonants. Reduction of /hw/ – to /h/ in a few words (such...

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Phonological history of English diphthongs

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/ˈsa(ɪ)əns/ with one syllable. Phonological history of English Phonological history of English vowels Trisyllabic laxing Great Vowel Shift Foyer may also be...

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Great Vowel Shift

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Alphabet: Before the Great Vowel Shift, Middle English in Southern England had seven long vowels, /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː/. The vowels occurred in, for example...

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Close central unrounded vowel

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(2009), p. 174. "Phonological inventory of Paraguayan Guarani". South American Phonological Inventory Database. Berkeley: University of California. 2015...

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Australian English phonology

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than this for the former three vowels. The vowels of Australian English can be divided according to length. The long vowels, which include monophthongs and...

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English phonology

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Perception of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese speakers Phonological development Phonological history of English vowels Phonological history of English consonants...

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Phonological history of Old English

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The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence. These included a number of vowel shifts...

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Mid back rounded vowel

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or close-mid) vowel. Kensiu, in Malaysia and Thailand, is highly unusual in that it contrasts true-mid vowels with close-mid and open-mid vowels without...

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New Zealand English phonology

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the phonological system of New Zealand English. While New Zealanders speak differently depending on their level of cultivation (i.e. the closeness to Received...

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Phonological history of English consonant clusters

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transcription delimiters. The phonological history of the English language includes various changes in the phonology of consonant clusters. The H-cluster...

Word Count : 5419

Close front rounded vowel

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protruded front vowels. One of these, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close near-front rounded vowel, with Swedish...

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Mid back unrounded vowel

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International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back unrounded vowel between close-mid [ɤ] and open-mid [ʌ]. Because no language is known to...

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Middle English phonology

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after back vowels or the consonant /w/. In Old English, [v], [ð], [z] were allophones of /f/, /θ/, /s/, respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced...

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Open back unrounded vowel

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The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...

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Close central rounded vowel

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dialects of Swedish, but see also close front compressed vowel. The close back vowels of Norwegian and Swedish are also compressed. See close back compressed...

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History of English

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For details, see phonological history of English as well as the articles on Old English phonology and Middle English phonology. The vowel changes over time...

Word Count : 6067

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