Phonological history of English close back vowels information
Sound changes
History and description of
English pronunciation
Historical stages
Old English
Middle English
General development
In Old English
In Scots
Development of vowels
A
Close back
Close front
Diphthongs
Great Vowel Shift
Open back
Pre-L
Pre-R
Development of consonants
Single consonants
Clusters
Variable features
Cot–caught merger
Drawl
Flapping
H-dropping
L-vocalization
NG
R
Rhoticity
T-glottalization
TH
WH
Related topics
History of English
Spelling
v
t
e
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Most dialects of modern English have two close back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/ (realized as central [ʉː] in many dialects) found in words like goose. The STRUT vowel /ʌ/, which historically was back, is often central [ɐ] as well. This article discusses the history of these vowels in various dialects of English, focusing in particular on phonemic splits and mergers involving these sounds.
and 23 Related for: Phonological history of English close back vowels information
of modern English have two closebackvowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the closeback rounded vowel /uː/...
transcription delimiters. In the historyofEnglishphonology, there have been many diachronic sound changes affecting vowels, especially involving phonemic...
transcription delimiters. The close and mid-height front vowelsofEnglish (vowelsof i and e type) have undergone a variety of changes over time and often...
merger. In the Old Englishvowel system, the vowels in the open back area were unrounded: /ɑ/, /ɑː/. There were also rounded backvowelsof mid-height: /o/...
The closeback unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type ofvowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...
The closeback rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, is a type ofvowel sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...
article describes those aspects of the phonologicalhistoryof the English language which concern consonants. Reduction of /hw/ – to /h/ in a few words (such...
/ˈsa(ɪ)əns/ with one syllable. PhonologicalhistoryofEnglishPhonologicalhistoryofEnglishvowels Trisyllabic laxing Great Vowel Shift Foyer may also be...
Alphabet: Before the Great Vowel Shift, Middle English in Southern England had seven long vowels, /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː/. The vowels occurred in, for example...
(2009), p. 174. "Phonological inventory of Paraguayan Guarani". South American Phonological Inventory Database. Berkeley: University of California. 2015...
than this for the former three vowels. The vowelsof Australian English can be divided according to length. The long vowels, which include monophthongs and...
Perception of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese speakers Phonological development PhonologicalhistoryofEnglishvowelsPhonologicalhistoryofEnglish consonants...
The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence. These included a number ofvowel shifts...
or close-mid) vowel. Kensiu, in Malaysia and Thailand, is highly unusual in that it contrasts true-mid vowels with close-mid and open-mid vowels without...
the phonological system of New Zealand English. While New Zealanders speak differently depending on their level of cultivation (i.e. the closeness to Received...
transcription delimiters. The phonologicalhistoryof the English language includes various changes in the phonologyof consonant clusters. The H-cluster...
protruded front vowels. One of these, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close near-front rounded vowel, with Swedish...
International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back unrounded vowel between close-mid [ɤ] and open-mid [ʌ]. Because no language is known to...
after backvowels or the consonant /w/. In Old English, [v], [ð], [z] were allophones of /f/, /θ/, /s/, respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced...
The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type ofvowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...
dialects of Swedish, but see also close front compressed vowel. The closebackvowelsof Norwegian and Swedish are also compressed. See closeback compressed...
For details, see phonologicalhistoryofEnglish as well as the articles on Old Englishphonology and Middle Englishphonology. The vowel changes over time...