Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.[5] It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns.[5]
Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds.[8] It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.[9]
^"Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 690. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 (inactive 2024-04-14). ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Only one name is retained, phenol, for C6H5-OH, both as a preferred name and for general nomenclature.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link)
^"Phenol_msds".
^ abcdeNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0493". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Kütt, Agnes; Movchun, Valeria; Rodima, Toomas; et al. (2008). "Pentakis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, a Sterically Crowded and Electron-withdrawing Group: Synthesis and Acidity of Pentakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, -toluene, -phenol, and -aniline". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (7): 2607–20. doi:10.1021/jo702513w. PMID 18324831.
^ abc"Phenol". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 10 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
^ abcSigma-Aldrich Co., Phenol. Retrieved on 2022-02-15.
^ abc"Phenol". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Weber, Manfred; Weber, Markus; Kleine-Boymann, Michael (2004). "Phenol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_299.pub3. ISBN 978-3527306732.
^Zvi Rappoport, ed. (2003). The Chemistry of Phenols. PATAI'S Chemistry of Functional Groups. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/0470857277. ISBN 9780470857274.
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline...
solid and aromatic compound Phenols, a class of chemical compounds that include phenolPhenolic content in wine Phenolic paper, a type of cardboard used...
is phenol, C 6H 5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. Phenols are...
Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) (phenolic resins or phenoplasts) are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde...
Phenol red (also known as phenolsulfonphthalein or PSP) is a pH indicator frequently used in cell biology laboratories. Phenol red exists as a red crystal...
In chemistry, a phenol ether (or aromatic ether) is an organic compound derived from phenol (C6H5OH), where the hydroxyl (-OH) group is substituted with...
Phenol extraction is a laboratory technique that purifies nucleic acid samples using a phenol solution. Phenol is common reagent in extraction because...
meaning "bitter", due to its bitter taste. It is one of the most acidic phenols. Like other strongly nitrated organic compounds, picric acid is an explosive...
The Phenol coefficient, is now largely of historical interest, although the principles upon which it is based are still used. It is a measure of the bactericidal...
Polyphenols (/ˌpɒliˈfiːnoʊl, -nɒl/) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. Polyphenols include...
Phenolic aldehydes are derivatives of phenol. Phenolic aldehydes can be found in wines and cognacs. Examples : Hydroxybenzaldehydes Protocatechuic aldehyde...
Oxidative coupling of phenols is a chemical reaction wherein two phenolic compounds are coupled via an oxidative process. Oxidative phenol couplings are often...
The cumene process (cumene-phenol process, Hock process) is an industrial process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propylene. The term...
The Great Phenol Plot was a clandestine effort by the German government during the early years of World War I to divert American-produced phenol from the...
widely-occurring phenols (sometimes called phenolics) which may be either natural or manufactured. They are also categorized as methyl phenols. Cresols commonly...
The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical...
Phenolic lipids are a class of natural products composed of long aliphatic chains and phenolic rings. Phenolic lipids occur in plants, fungi and bacteria...
Phenolic paper is a material often used to make printed circuit board substrates (the flat board to which the components and traces are attached). It is...
BPA is produced on an industrial scale by the condensation reaction of phenol and acetone. Global production in 2022 was estimated to be in the region...
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