CT image showing extensive low attenuation in the right hemispheric white matter due to dilated Type 2 perivascular spacesAxial fat-suppressed T2-weighted MRI image in the same patient as above demonstrating extensive dilated Type 2 perivascular spaces in the right hemispherePerivascular space is depicted in the inset box.
A perivascular space, also known as a Virchow–Robin space, is a fluid-filled space surrounding certain blood vessels in several organs, including the brain,[1] potentially having an immunological function, but more broadly a dispersive role for neural and blood-derived messengers.[2] The brain pia mater is reflected from the surface of the brain onto the surface of blood vessels in the subarachnoid space. In the brain, perivascular cuffs are regions of leukocyte aggregation in the perivascular spaces, usually found in patients with viral encephalitis.
Perivascular spaces vary in dimension according to the type of blood vessel. In the brain where most capillaries have an imperceptible perivascular space, select structures of the brain, such as the circumventricular organs, are notable for having large perivascular spaces surrounding highly permeable capillaries, as observed by microscopy. The median eminence, a brain structure at the base of the hypothalamus, contains capillaries with wide perivascular spaces.[3]
In humans, perivascular spaces surround arteries and veins can usually be seen as areas of dilatation on MRI images. While many normal brains will show a few dilated spaces, an increase in these spaces may correlate with the incidence of several neurodegenerative diseases, making the spaces a topic of research.[4]
^Norrving, Bo (2016). "Lacunar Syndromes, Lacunar Infarcts, and Cerebral Small-vessel Disease". Stroke. Elsevier. pp. 449–465.e4. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00027-x. ISBN 978-0-323-29544-4. Perivascular spaces are fluid-filled spaces that follow a typical course of a vessel penetrating/transversing the brain through gray or white matter.89
^Gross PM, Weindl A (1987). "Peering through the windows of the brain (Review)". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 7 (6): 663–72. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1987.120. PMID 2891718.
^Shaver, SW; Pang, JJ; Wainman, DS; Wall, KM; Gross, PM (1992). "Morphology and function of capillary networks in subregions of the rat tuber cinereum". Cell and Tissue Research. 267 (3): 437–48. doi:10.1007/bf00319366. PMID 1571958. S2CID 27789146.
^Esiri, MM; Gay, D (1990). "Immunological and neuropathological significance of the Virchow–Robin space". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 100 (1–2): 3–8. doi:10.1016/0022-510X(90)90004-7. PMID 2089138. S2CID 39929713.
and 26 Related for: Perivascular space information
A perivascularspace, also known as a Virchow–Robin space, is a fluid-filled space surrounding certain blood vessels in several organs, including the brain...
mater allows blood vessels to pass through and nourish the brain. The perivascularspace between blood vessels and pia mater is proposed to be part of a pseudolymphatic...
studies combined with MRI suggest that hyperintensities are dilated perivascularspaces, or demyelination caused by reduced local blood flow. White matter...
nerve space, or perivascularspaces. Malignant cells can migrate along spinal or cranial nerve epineurium-perineurium, invade the subpial space, and travel...
continue inside the brain, covering the so-called Virchow-Robin spaces or perivascularspaces. For that reason some meningiomas can appear as completely inside...
lies deep to the pia mater and the subpial space and surrounds the perivascularspaces (Virchow-Robin spaces). Any substance entering the central nervous...
result in lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration of perivascularspaces (Virchow–Robin spaces). The extension of cellular immune response to the brainstem...
release of hypothalamic hormones, although it does share contiguous perivascularspaces with the adjacent hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, indicating a potential...
consists of two main components: the true thymic epithelial space (TES) and the perivascularspace (PVS). Thymopoiesis, or T-cell maturation, only occurs in...
osteons. Since bone spicules tend to form around blood vessels, the perivascularspace is greatly reduced as the bone continues to grow. When replacement...
cells are not thought to be present in normal parenchymal tissue or perivascularspace although they are present in the meninges and choroids plexus. Thus...
paraffinized biopsy specimens may indicate Balamuthia trophozoites in the perivascularspace. The cysts can be visualized by calcofluor white, which binds to glycans...
tissue. Blood vessels enter the central nervous system through the perivascularspace above the pia mater. The cells in the blood vessel walls are joined...
protein plays a crucial role in modulating the flow of CSF between the perivascularspace and the brain interstitium. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system has...
arterioles and the perivascular compartment, form the network of the NVU. Arterioles are made up of pial vessels and arterioles, and the perivascular compartment...
structural issue in their brains – “venous malformation and expanded perivascularspaces”. PFAS Patient with head trauma received the diagnosis of PFAS. The...
rapid hormone exchange. Other evidence indicates that capillary perivascularspaces of the median eminence and arcuate nucleus are contiguous, potentially...
cavity (the space bounded by the vertebrae, abdominal muscles, diaphragm, and pelvic floor) is different from the intraperitoneal space (located within...
severe lesions. Apart from cellular infiltrate in perivascularspace there is a tissue rarefication in spaces close to damaged blood vessels. Accumulated small...
hemorrhaging in the brain, white blood cell infiltration in the perivascularspaces in the brain, reactive changes to glial cells and damage to the myelin...
lobar haemorrhagic lesion plus one white matter feature (severe perivascularspaces in the centrum semiovale or white matter hyperintensities in a multispot...
include breakdown of bone and thickening of the pituitary stalk. The perivascularspace may appear prominent, the pituitary gland cystic and there may be...
knowledge of microglia. Then, in 1988, Hickey and Kimura showed that perivascular microglial cells are bone-marrow derived, and express high levels of...
blood products are released into the surrounding perivascularspaces known as (Virchow-Robin spaces). The released clotting factors like; fibrinopeptides...
the cerebrospinal fluid, the functions of the pituitary gland, the perivascularspaces, the foramen of Magendie, the idea of somatotopic organization, and...
Global Information
