This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Balamuthia mandrillaris" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(April 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Trophozoite (active) form of Balamuthia mandrillaris
A Balamuthia mandrillaris cyst
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Phylum:
Amoebozoa
Class:
Discosea
Order:
Centramoebida
Family:
Balamuthiidae
Genus:
Balamuthia
Visvesvara et al., 1993
Species:
B. mandrillaris
Binomial name
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Visvesvara et al., 1993
Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that causes the rare but deadly neurological condition granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE).[1]B. mandrillaris is a soil-dwelling amoeba and was first discovered in 1986 in the brain of a mandrill that died in the San Diego Wild Animal Park.[2][3]
B. mandrillaris can infect the body through open wounds or possibly by inhalation.[4]Balamuthia has been isolated from soil.[5][6] It is believed to be distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world. This is supported somewhat by the detection of antibodies to the protist in healthy individuals.
The generic name Balamuthia was given by Govinda Visvesvara, after his mentor, parasitologist William Balamuth, for his contributions to the study of amoebae. Visvesvara isolated and studied the pathogen for the first time in 1993.[7]
^Sarica, Feyzi Birol; Tufan, Kadir; Cekinmez, Melih; Erdoğan, Bülent; Altinörs, Mehmet Nur (2009). "A rare but fatal case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis with brain abscess: the first case reported from Turkey". Turkish Neurosurgery. 19 (3): 256–259. PMID 19621290.
^Cope, Jennifer R.; Landa, Janet; Nethercut, Hannah; Collier, Sarah A.; Glaser, Carol; Moser, Melanie; Puttagunta, Raghuveer; Yoder, Jonathan S.; Ali, Ibne K.; Roy, Sharon L. (2019-05-17). "The Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Balamuthia mandrillaris Disease in the United States, 1974 – 2016". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 68 (11): 1815–1822. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy813. ISSN 1058-4838. PMC 7453664. PMID 30239654.
^Visvesvara, G S; Martinez, A J; Schuster, F L; Leitch, G J; Wallace, S V; Sawyer, T K; Anderson, M (1990-12-28). "Leptomyxid ameba, a new agent of amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 28 (12): 2750–2756. doi:10.1128/jcm.28.12.2750-2756.1990. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 268267. PMID 2280005.
^"Balamuthia mandrillaris ameba infection". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
^Frederick L. Schuster; Thelma H. Dunnebacke; Gregory C. Booton; Shigeo Yagi; Candice K. Kohlmeier; Carol Glaser; Duc Vugia; Anna Bakardjiev; Parvin Azimi; Mary Maddux-Gonzalez; A. Julio Martinez; Govinda S. Visvesvara (July 2003). "Environmental Isolation of Balamuthia mandrillaris Associated with a Case of Amebic Encephalitis". J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 (7): 3175–3180. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.7.3175-3180.2003. PMC 165348. PMID 12843060.
^Thelma H. Dunnebacke; Frederick L. Schuster; Shigeo Yagi; Gregory C. Booton (September 2004). "Balamuthia mandrillaris from soil samples". Microbiology. 150 (Pt 9): 2837–2842. doi:10.1099/mic.0.27218-0. PMID 15347743. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-27. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
^Kaneshiro, E. S.; Marciano-Cabral, F.; Moura, H. (2014). "Govinda S. Visvesvara: A Tribute". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 62 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1111/jeu.12143. PMC 5674982. PMID 25040661.
and 23 Related for: Balamuthia mandrillaris information
Balamuthiamandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that causes the rare but deadly neurological condition granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). B. mandrillaris...
"balamuthia amoebic encephalitis" (BAE) is commonly used when Balamuthiamandrillaris is the cause. Similarly, Sappinia amoebic encephalitis (SAE) is...
compound that could be repurposed as an amoebicidal agent against Balamuthiamandrillaris which causes the fatal disease granulomatous amoebic encephalitis...
saline water. In 2018, a patient was reported to have contracted Balamuthiamandrillaris after one month of using tap water filtered through a Brita water...
and free-living amoeba infections such as Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthiamandrillaris. This includes the three forms of leishmaniasis: cutaneous, visceral...
term has also been applied to Balamuthiamandrillaris, causing some confusion between the two; Balamuthiamandrillaris is unrelated to Naegleria fowleri...
Acanthamoeba, it is also known as "cutaneous acanthamoebiasis". Balamuthiamandrillaris can also cause cutaneous amoebiasis, but can prove fatal if the...
Acanthamoeba can cause amoebic keratitis and encephalitis in humans. Balamuthiamandrillaris is the cause of (often fatal) granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis...
amoeba that can cause amoebic keratitis and encephalitis in humans Balamuthiamandrillaris – an amoeba that is the cause of (often fatal) granulomatous amoebic...
Siddiqui R, Kulsoom H, Lalani S, Khan NA (July 2016). "Isolation of Balamuthiamandrillaris-specific antibody fragments from a bacteriophage antibody display...
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, when caused by the amoeba Balamuthiamandrillaris, in combination with miltefosine and fluconazole Arthropods Crusted...
discovered Balamuthiamandrillaris in 1986. The amoeba was found in the brain of a dead mandrill. After extensive research, B. mandrillaris was declared...
as the extant genus Arcella. Entamoeba histolytica Acanthamoeba Balamuthiamandrillaris Endolimax The recently available Acanthamoeba genome sequence revealed...
with contaminated tap water Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis Balamuthiamandrillaris brain, skin culture worldwide via inhalation or skin lesion Babesiosis...
severe vomiting and diarrhea. A rare and deadly amoeba known as Balamuthiamandrillaris kills an immunocompromised firefighter through granulomatous amoebic...
Chlamydia psittaci (category B) Naegleria fowleri (category B) Balamuthiamandrillaris (category B) St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV, category B) Tick-borne...
amoebae, for example Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba species, Balamuthiamandrillaris, or Entamoeba histolytica. These infections are rare, and usually...
Global Information
