This article is about the Christian Bible. For the related Jewish text, see Hebrew Bible.
"The Old Testament" redirects here. For the 2006 Sunz of Man album, see The Old Testament (album). For the 1962 film, see The Old Testament (film).
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The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.[1] The second division of Christian Bibles is the New Testament, written in Koine Greek.
The Old Testament consists of many distinct books by various authors produced over a period of centuries.[2] Christians traditionally divide the Old Testament into four sections: the first five books or Pentateuch (which corresponds to the Jewish Torah); the history books telling the history of the Israelites, from their conquest of Canaan to their defeat and exile in Babylon; the poetic and "Wisdom books" dealing, in various forms, with questions of good and evil in the world; and the books of the biblical prophets, warning of the consequences of turning away from God.
The books that compose the Old Testament canon and their order and names differ between various branches of Christianity. The canons of the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches comprise up to 49 books; the Catholic canon comprises 46 books; and the most common Protestant canon comprises 39 books.[3]
There are 39 books common to essentially all Christian canons. They correspond to the 24 books of the Tanakh, with some differences of order, and there are some differences in text. The additional number reflects the splitting of several texts (Samuel, Kings, Chronicles, Ezra–Nehemiah, and the Twelve Minor Prophets) into separate books in Christian Bibles. The books that are part of the Christian Old Testament but that are not part of the Hebrew canon are sometimes described as deuterocanonical books. In general, Catholic and Orthodox churches include these books in the Old Testament. Most Protestant Bibles do not include the deuterocanonical books in their canon, but some versions of Anglican and Lutheran Bibles place such books in a separate section called apocrypha. These books are ultimately derived from the earlier Greek Septuagint collection of the Hebrew scriptures and are also Jewish in origin. Some are also contained in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
^Jones 2000, p. 215.
^Lim, Timothy H. (2005). The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 41.
The OldTestament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh...
(/ˈsɛptjuədʒɪnt/ SEP-tew-ə-jint), sometimes referred to as the Greek OldTestament or The Translation of the Seventy (Ancient Greek: Ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα...
469–494. The following list is based on James H. Charlesworth, The OldTestament Pseudepigrapha, Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1983-1985 (two volumes)...
Food in the OldTestament. Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780191562983. Creach, Jerome F. D. (July 2016). "Violence in the OldTestament". The Oxford...
first-century Christianity. The New Testament's background, the first division of the Christian Bible, is called the OldTestament, which is based primarily upon...
the Christian Greek OldTestament, at least in some liturgical contexts. The first part of Christian Bibles is the OldTestament, which contains, at minimum...
translated into a vernacular language, such Bibles comprise 39 books of the OldTestament (according to the Hebrew Bible canon, known especially to non-Protestant...
treatment of slaves, especially in the OldTestament. There are also references to slavery in the New Testament. Many of the patriarchs portrayed in the...
The OldTestament is the first section of the two-part Christian biblical canon; the second section is the New Testament. The OldTestament includes the...
that the OldTestament of the Peshitta was translated into Syriac from Biblical Hebrew, probably in the 2nd century CE, and that the New Testament of the...
and in some cases do not regard them as messianic prophecies at all. OldTestament prophecies that were regarded as referring to the arrival of Christ...
OldTestament theology is the branch of Biblical theology that seeks theological insight within the OldTestament or Hebrew Bible. It explores past and...
of Second Temple Judaism, using the Septuagint as the basis of the OldTestament. The early Church continued the Jewish tradition of writing and incorporating...
set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible (the OldTestament and New Testament). For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines...
the Hebrew (and some Aramaic, e.g. in Daniel and Ezra) OldTestament, plus the New Testament purportedly in its original Aramaic, and still the standard...
The Testament of Solomon is a pseudepigraphical composite text ascribed to King Solomon but not regarded as canonical scripture by Jews or Christian groups...
slightly different order, also make up the Protestant version of the OldTestament. The order used here follows the divisions used in Jewish Bibles. The...
home countries of Ethiopia and Eritrea. The Orthodox Tewahedo narrower OldTestament canon contains the entire established Hebrew protocanon. Moreover, with...
The Hebrew Bible and the New Testament both contain narratives, poems, and instructions which describe, encourage, command, condemn, reward, punish and...
There are two different types of Holy Trinity icons: the OldTestament Trinity and the New Testament Trinity (Троица Ветхозаветная and Троица Новозаветная...
Wesley Comfort, Early Manuscripts and Modern Translations of the New Testament (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1990), 116 Alpert, Rebecca (2007). "Lesbianism"...
contains the Peshitta New Testament with English translation, plus many Peshitta OldTestament books Lapid Jewish Aramaic New Testament by Christopher Fredrickson...
Folklore in the OldTestament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend, and Law is a 1918 book by the anthropologist Sir James George Frazer, in which...
Luther's Bible placed them in a separate section in between the OldTestament and New Testament called the Apocrypha, a convention followed by subsequent Protestant...
James Version include 39 books of the OldTestament, 14 books of Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. Noted for its "majesty of style", the...
the Clementine edition of the Latin Vulgate, 46 in the OldTestament, 27 in the New Testament, and 3 in the Apocrypha. The names and numbers of the books...
the Hebrew biblical text contained in the Hexapla, a recension of the OldTestament compiled by Origen in the 3rd century CE. There is evidence that the...
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