The Old English Latin alphabet generally consisted of about 24 letters, and was used for writing Old English from the 8th to the 12th centuries. Of these letters, most were directly adopted from the Latin alphabet, two were modified Latin letters (Æ, Ð), and two developed from the runic alphabet (Ƿ, Þ). The letters Q and Z were essentially left unused outside of foreign names from Latin and Greek. The letter J had not yet come into use. The letter K was used by some writers but not by others. W gained usage in late Old English under Norman influence, as seen towards the end of the Peterborough Chronicle manuscript, though in this period W was still a ligature and not a full-fledged letter. The manuscripts MS Harley 208, Stowe MS 57, and Cotton Titus D 18 differ in how they arrange the non-standard Old English letters (Harley has Ƿ–ЖƖÞ, Stowe has Ƿ–ЖÞ, Titus has Ƿ–Þ–Ð), but all three manuscripts place them after the standard Latin letters.
A table entitled "The Saxon-Alphabet" on the last page of John Fortescue's The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy (1st ed., 1714)[1] The first column ("Figure") of the table shows the letters of the Old English Latin alphabet, and the second column ("Power") their modern equivalents.
Letter
IPA
A, a
/ɑ(ː)/
B, b
/b/
C, c
/k/, /tʃ/
D, d
/d/
E, e
/e(ː)/
F, f
/f/, [v]
G, g
/g/, [ɣ], /j/
H, h
/h/, [x], [ç]
I, i
/i(ː)/
K, k
/k/
L, l
/l/
M, m
/m/
N, n
/n/
O, o
/o(ː)/
P, p
/p/
R, r
/r/
S, s
/s/
T, t
/t/
U, u
/u(ː)/, /w/ (rare)
X, x
/ks/
Y, y
/y(ː)/
Ƿ, ƿ
/w/
Þ, þ
/θ/, [ð]
Æ, æ
/æ(ː)/
Ð, ð
/ð/, [θ]
Digraph
IPA
cg
[dʒ]
ch (rare)
[x]
ea
/æɑ(ː)/
eo
/eo(ː)/
gc (rare)
[dʒ]
ie
perhaps /iy(ː)/
io
perhaps /iu(ː)/
ng
[ŋg], [ndʒ]
sc
/sk/, /ʃ/
th (rare)
/θ/, [ð]
uu (rare)
/w/
Trigraph
IPA
cgg (rare)
[dʒ]
ncg (rare)
[ndʒ]
^Fortescue, John (1714). The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy: As it More Particularly Regards the English Constitution (1st ed.). London, UK: John Fortescue Aland; printed by W. Bowyer in White-Fryars, for E. Parker at the Bible and Crown in Lombard-Street, and T. Ward in the Inner-Temple-Lane. OCLC 642421515. Being a Treatise Written by Sir John Fortescue, Kt. Lord Chief Justice, and Lord High Chancellor of England, under King Henry VI. Faithfully Transcribed from the MS. Copy in the Bodleian Library, and Collated with Three Other MSS. Publish'd with some Remarks by John Fortescue-Aland, of the Inner-Temple, Esq; F.R.S..
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