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For historical Cyrillic alphabet used for the Romanian language, see Romanian Cyrillic alphabet.
Romanian alphabet
Script type
Alphabet
Time period
1860s – present
Languages
Romanian
Related scripts
Parent systems
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Proto-Sinaitic
Phoenician alphabet
Greek alphabet
Latin alphabet
Italian alphabet
Romanian alphabet
Unicode
Unicode range
subset of Latin (U+0000...U+024F)
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters,[1][2] five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language:
Letter
Name
Aa
a
Ăă
ă
Ââ
î din a
Bb
be / bî
Cc
ce / cî
Dd
de / dî
Ee
e
Ff
ef / fe / fî
Gg
ge / ghe / gî
Hh
haș / ha / hî
Ii
i
Îî
î din i
Jj
je / jî
Kk
ca / capa
Ll
el / le / lî
Mm
em / me / mî
Nn
en / ne / nî
Oo
o
Pp
pe / pî
Qq
chiu (/ky/)
Rr
er / re / rî
Ss
es / se / sî
Șș
șe / șî
Tt
te / tî
Țț
țe / țî
Uu
u
Vv
ve / vî
Ww
dublu ve / dublu vî
Xx
ics
Yy
i grec
Zz
ze / zet / zed / zî
The letters Q (chiu), W (dublu v), and Y (igrec or i grec, meaning "Greek i") were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their Romanian derivatives, such as quasar, watt, and yacht. The letter K, although relatively older, is also rarely used and appears only in proper names and international neologisms such as kilogram, broker, karate.[3] These four letters are still perceived as foreign, which explains their usage for stylistic purposes in words such as nomenklatură (normally nomenclatură, meaning "nomenclature", but sometimes spelled with k instead of c if referring to members of the Communist leadership in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries, as nomenklatura is used in English).[4]
In cases where the word is a direct borrowing having diacritical marks not present in the above alphabet, official spelling tends to favor their use (München, Angoulême etc., as opposed to the use of Istanbul over İstanbul).
^(in Romanian)Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române, 1998, Z is the thirty first letter of the Romanian alphabet, dexonline.ro
^Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti", Dicționarul ortografic, ortoepic și morfologic al limbii române, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, București, 2005, pp. XXVII–XXVIII (in Romanian)
^(in Romanian) Academia Română, Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române, Entry for K, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 1998, dexonline.ro
^Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti", Dicționarul ortografic, ortoepic și morfologic al limbii române, 2nd Edition, Univers Enciclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 2005, ISBN 973-637-087-9, p. XXIX (in Romanian)
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