Group of neurological disorders, meaning a specific biodisfunction; the presumed causes.
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Medical condition
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Specialty
Psychiatry, neurology
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that begin to emerge during childhood (or the development of the nervous system). According to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-5) published in 2013, these conditions generally appear in early childhood, usually before children start school, and can persist into adulthood.[1] The key characteristic of all these disorders is that they negatively impact a person's functioning in one or more domains of life (personal, social, academic, occupational) depending on the disorder and deficits it has caused. All of these disorders and their levels of impairment exist on a spectrum, and affected individuals can experience varying degrees of symptoms and deficits, despite having the same diagnosis.[1][2]
The DSM-5 classifies neurodevelopmental disorders into six overarching groups.
Intellectual disability (intellectual development disorder)
Communication disorders
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Neurodevelopmental motor disorders
Specific learning disorders
These disorders are commonly comorbid conditions, meaning that a person affected by one of these disorders will usually meet criteria for a second disorder.[1][2]
^ abcDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington: American psychiatric association. 2013. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
^ abMorris-Rosendahl DJ, Crocq MA (March 2020). "Neurodevelopmental disorders-the history and future of a diagnostic concept". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 22 (1): 65–72. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/macrocq. PMC 7365295. PMID 32699506.
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