In human development, muteness or mutism (from Latin mutus 'silent') is defined as an absence of speech, with or without an ability to hear the speech of others.[1] Mutism is typically understood as a person's inability to speak, and commonly observed by their family members, caregivers, teachers, doctors or speech and language pathologists. It may not be a permanent condition, as muteness can be caused or manifest due to several different phenomena, such as physiological injury, illness, medical side effects, psychological trauma, developmental disorders, or neurological disorders.[2] A specific physical disability or communication disorder can be more easily diagnosed. Loss of previously normal speech (aphasia) can be due to accidents, disease, or surgical complication; it is rarely for psychological reasons.
Treatment or management also varies by cause, determined after a speech assessment.[3] Treatment can sometimes restore speech. If not, a range of assistive and augmentative communication devices are available.
^Grippo, J.; Vergel, M. F.; Comar, H.; Grippo, T. (2001). "[Mutism in children]". Revista de Neurología. 32 (3): 244–246. doi:10.33588/rn.3203.2000376. ISSN 0210-0010. PMID 11310279.
^Grippo, J.; Vergel, M. F.; Comar, H.; Grippo, T. (2001). "[Mutism in children]". Revista de Neurología. 32 (3): 244–246. doi:10.33588/rn.3203.2000376. ISSN 0210-0010. PMID 11310279.
^CDC (2019-01-30). "Language and Speech Disorders in Children | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
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