Tendency to give more importance to negative experiences
The negativity bias,[1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.[2][3][4] In other words, something very positive will generally have less of an impact on a person's behavior and cognition than something equally emotional but negative. The negativity bias has been investigated within many different domains, including the formation of impressions and general evaluations; attention, learning, and memory; and decision-making and risk considerations.
^Kanouse, D. E., & Hanson, L. (1972). Negativity in evaluations. In E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, S. Valins, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
^Baumeister, Roy F.; Finkenauer, Catrin; Vohs, Kathleen D. (2001). "Bad is stronger than good" (PDF). Review of General Psychology. 5 (4): 323–370. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323. S2CID 13154992. Retrieved 2014-11-19.
^Lewicka, Maria; Czapinski, Janusz; Peeters, Guido (1992). "Positive-negative asymmetry or "When the heart needs a reason"". European Journal of Social Psychology. 22 (5): 425–434. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420220502.
^Rozin, Paul; Royzman, Edward B. (2001). "Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 5 (4): 296–320. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0504_2. S2CID 4987502.
The negativitybias, also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things...
attributed to the natural negativitybias people have when consuming information. Negativitybias is the idea that negative events have a larger impact...
also actor-observer bias, group attribution error, positivity effect, and negativity effect). Group attribution error, the biased belief that the characteristics...
the negativitybias. Two studies were presented within a single study that looked at the difference between positivity offset and negativebias to see...
A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their...
Optimism bias (or the optimistic bias) is a cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative event...
that will offend anyone.[citation needed] Negativitybias (or bad news bias), a tendency to show negative events and portray politics as less of a debate...
Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias, or congeniality bias) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information...
Look up negativity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Negativity may refer to: Negativity (quantum mechanics), a measure of quantum entanglement in quantum...
observation is due to negativitybias – that people are apt to think poorly of others on weak evidence. This is then reinforced by confirmation bias as people give...
Retrieved June 20, 2020. Hibbing, John D (2014), "Differences in negativitybias underlie variations in political ideology", Behavioral and Brain Sciences...
Survivorship bias or survival bias is the logical error of concentrating on entities that passed a selection process while overlooking those that did...
Source bias is the tendency to select information sources to support a confirmation bias or negativitybias on a particular set of beliefs or values. Source...
Smith, N. K.; Cacioppo, J. T. (1998). "Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativitybias in evaluative categorizations". Journal...
The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind...
Mobbing Moral panic Mean world syndrome Negativitybias Peer pressure Social-desirability bias Social influence bias Spiral of silence Digital divide/ Political...
Political bias is a bias or perceived bias involving the slanting or altering of information to make a political position or political candidate seem more...
include the reminiscence bump as well as both the positivity effect and negativitybias. In literature, the Decadent movement began in France's fin de siècle...
also a negativitybias in emotionality (i.e. most emotions have negative affectivity), and there are more words in language to describe negative rather...
affecting fundamental human needs and reducing affect, potentially leading to negative communication outcomes. The widespread use of smartphones in daily life...
In electronics, biasing is the setting of DC (direct current) operating conditions (current and voltage) of an electronic component that processes time-varying...
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