Muqali (Mongolian: Мухулай; 1170–1223), also spelt Mukhali and Mukhulai, was a Mongol general ("bo'ol", transl. one who is bound in service) who became a trusted and esteemed commander under Genghis Khan. The son of Gü'ün U'a, a Jalair leader who had sworn fealty to the Mongols, he became known by his epithet "Muqali", "one who dulls", earned through his committed and able service to the Great Khan and the Mongol Empire.[1]
During the invasion of Jin China, Muqali acted as Genghis Khan's second-in-command, was promoted to Viceroy of China,[1] and was entrusted with a great degree of autonomy once Genghis Khan departed to conquer Central Asia. Unlike many Mongol leaders who were willing to massacre to gain any advantage, Muqali usually attempted to convert foes into friends by more conciliatory means.[2]
By the time of Ogedei's reign (1229–1241), he was viewed as the best of the extraordinarily talented pool of Mongol generals.[3] Given his undefeated record despite very limited resources, he might be regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in history. He was "unquestionably one of the leading Mongol personalities and a supreme leader".[4] His wisdom in dealing with local matters has been emphasized.[4]
^ abCite error: The named reference power, politics was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Frank McLynn, Genghis Khan (2015), 231.
^Christopher P. Atwood, Pu'a's Boast and Doqolqu's Death: Historiography of a Hidden Scandal in the Mongol Conquest of the Jin.
^ abCite error: The named reference wang, rachewiltz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Muqali (Mongolian: Мухулай; 1170–1223), also spelt Mukhali and Mukhulai, was a Mongol general ("bo'ol", transl. one who is bound in service) who became...
disobeyed Muqali in his campaign against the remaining Jin in Shaanxi. May has disputed this, arguing that the Xia fought in concert with Muqali until his...
to another event in Central Asia and Persia. In 1223, the Mongol general Muqali had struck into Shaanxi Province, attacking Chang'an when Genghis Khan was...
inner council and one of his most trusted advisors alongside Bo'orchu and Muqali. Boroqul died on a campaign against the northern Tumed tribes in 1217, but...
the 1211 Jin invasion. His ability as a general put him on the level of Muqali and Subutai ba'atur. A Song emissary, Zhao Hong, noted that Jebe was considered...
Genghis Khan's viceroy Muqali was pacifying Shanxi in 1219, the homeland of Zen Buddhist monk Haiyun (海雲, 1203–1257), when one of Muqali's Chinese generals...
of the descendants of Genghis Khan's assistants, Borokhula, Boorchu, and Muqali. Kublai began the practice of having the four great aristocrats in his kheshig...
military intelligence about the Jin army. Genghis Khan sent his general Muqali to lead the Balu Unit (八魯營) to launch a surprise cavalry charge on the enemy...
the blessing of Eternal Tengri" (paragraph 203). Genghis Khan appoints Muqali "Gui Wang" because he "transmitted the word of Tengri when I was sitting...
the Mongols. After a failed attempt on December 28, the Mongol General Muqali leads a second attack on the Chinese fortress of Fengxiang and fails. January...
Baiju. However, Baiju, the commander of the kheshig, who was descended from Muqali, the renowned general of Genghis Khan, and was a man of high character,...
Uyar led three cherik armies in northern China under the Mongol commander Muqali in addition to his tamma armies in 1217–1218. Many Han Chinese and Khitan...
attacked them in 1196 and subjugated the majority of the Jurkins, including Muqali, who would later become one of the Mongol Empire's foremost generals. Toghrul's...
detached missions under the elite Jebe (1211–12, 1213–14, 1219–23) and Muqali (1213–14), in addition to Genghis Khan himself (1219). Subutai's first chance...
during the reign of the Yuan founder Kublai Khan. As a great-grandson of Muqali of the Jalayir clan, one of the greatest generals under Genghis Khan, he...
Genghis' army was commanded by his most able generals, with the exception of Muqali, who was left behind to continue the war against the Jin. Genghis also brought...
leading commanders to high positions in the new Mongol state. Two of them, Muqali and Bo'orchu, were honoured above all others, receiving legal protection...
Vietnamese, Jurchens, Javanese) or by ethnic Mongols themselves (e.g. general Muqali or even Khan Ögedei).: 549–551, 560–561, 563 Pow proposes that the Mongolic-speaking...
that. The new Yuan emperor, Tugh Temür sent him Naimantai, a descendant of Muqali, in order to mollify his anger with an imperial seal. After only a short...
quickly. In 1218, Taiyuan was conquered by the Mongol army led by General Muqali. Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty in 1271, and the administrative...
Nomoghan (son of Kublai), Kököchu (son of Kublai) and Antong (grandson of Muqali) in 1275, Almaliq. However, soon in Autumn 1276 Shiregi was incited by Togh-Temür...
occurred since Genghis left for the west in 1219 and left Muqali in charge of North China. In 1223, Muqali died. At the same time, Shenzong abdicated to his son...
to found his Empire. During the Mongol invasion of Khorazm in 1219–1223, Muqali campaigned in North China as the first prince of the state (guo-wang) and...
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