Organ dysfunction in an acutely ill person requiring medical intervention
Medical condition
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Other names
Total organ failure, multisystem organ failure, multiple organ failure
Causes
Infection, injury, hypermetabolism
Prognosis
Case fatality rate 30–100% depending on the number of organs that failed
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to achieve homeostasis. Although Irwin and Rippe cautioned in 2005 that the use of "multiple organ failure" or "multisystem organ failure" should be avoided,[1] both Harrison's (2015) and Cecil's (2012) medical textbooks still use the terms "multi-organ failure" and "multiple organ failure" in several chapters and do not use "multiple organ dysfunction syndrome" at all.
There are different stages of organ dysfunction for certain different organs, both in acute and in chronic onset, whether or not there are one or more organs affected. Each stage of dysfunction (whether it be the heart, lung, liver, or kidney) has defined parameters, in terms of laboratory values based on blood and other tests, as to what it is (each of these organs' levels of failure is divided into stage I, II, III, IV, and V). The word "failure" is commonly used to refer to the later stages, especially IV and V, when artificial support usually becomes necessary to sustain life; the damage may or may not be fully or partially reversible.
^Irwin, Richard S.; Rippe, James M. (2003). Irwin and Rippe's Intensive Care Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-3548-3.[page needed]
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