Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) occurs when the abdomen becomes subject to increased pressure reaching past the point of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). ACS is present when intra-abdominal pressure rises and is sustained at > 20 mmHg and there is new organ dysfunction or failure.[1] ACS is classified into three groups: Primary, secondary and recurrent ACS.[2] It is not a disease and as such it occurs in conjunction with many disease processes, either due to the primary illness or in association with treatment interventions.[3] Specific cause of abdominal compartment syndrome is not known, although some causes can be sepsis and severe abdominal trauma. Increasing pressure reduces blood flow to abdominal organs and impairs pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, and gastro-intestinal (GI) function, causing obstructive shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death.[4][5][6]
^Cheatham, Michael Lee (April 2009). "Abdominal compartment syndrome". Current Opinion in Critical Care. 15 (2): 154–162. doi:10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283297934. ISSN 1070-5295. PMID 19276799. S2CID 42407737.
^Hunt, Leanne; Frost, Steve A.; Hillman, Ken; Newton, Phillip J.; Davidson, Patricia M. (2014-02-05). "Management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: a review". Journal of Trauma Management & Outcomes. 8 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1752-2897-8-2. ISSN 1752-2897. PMC 3925290. PMID 24499574.
^De Waele, J. J.; De laet, I.; Malbrain, M. L. N. G. (12 October 2015). "Understanding abdominal compartment syndrome". Intensive Care Medicine. 42 (6): 1068–1070. doi:10.1007/s00134-015-4089-2. PMID 26459879. S2CID 9692082.
^Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.; Roberts, Derek J.; De Waele, Jan; Jaeschke, Roman; Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; De Keulenaer, Bart; Duchesne, Juan; Bjorck, Martin; Leppaniemi, Ari; Ejike, Janeth C.; Sugrue, Michael; Cheatham, Michael; Ivatury, Rao; Ball, Chad G.; Reintam Blaser, Annika; Regli, Adrian; Balogh, Zsolt J.; d'Amours, Scott; Debergh, Dieter; Kaplan, Mark; Kimball, Edward; Olvera, Claudia; Pediatric Guidelines Sub-Committee for the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (2013). "Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: Updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome". Intensive Care Medicine. 39 (7): 1190–1206. doi:10.1007/s00134-013-2906-z. PMC 3680657. PMID 23673399.
^Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; Cheatham, Michael L.; Kirkpatrick, Andrew; Sugrue, Michael; Parr, Michael; De Waele, Jan; Balogh, Zsolt; Leppäniemi, Ari; Olvera, Claudia (2006-11-01). "Results from the International Conference of Experts on Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. I. Definitions". Intensive Care Medicine. 32 (11): 1722–1732. doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0349-5. ISSN 0342-4642. PMID 16967294. S2CID 6673937.
^Cheatham, Michael L.; Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; Kirkpatrick, Andrew; Sugrue, Michael; Parr, Michael; De Waele, Jan; Balogh, Zsolt; Leppäniemi, Ari; Olvera, Claudia (2007-06-01). "Results from the International Conference of Experts on Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. II. Recommendations". Intensive Care Medicine. 33 (6): 951–962. doi:10.1007/s00134-007-0592-4. ISSN 0342-4642. PMID 17377769. S2CID 10770608.
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