mucosal melanoma of the head and neck, vulvar melanoma, vaginal melanoma, anorectal melanoma
Causes
smoking, carcinogens, genetics, chemicals, CID, HIV
Diagnostic method
biopsy, colonoscopy
Treatment
radiation, chemotherapy, surgery
Mucosal melanoma is a rare condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes. This subtype is associated a worse prognosis than those arising from the skin.[1]: 696 [2] Mucosal melanomas occur in the head and neck (55%), anorectal (24%) and vulvovaginal region (18%), and in the urinary tract (3%).[3] Based on the histopathologic and clinical features, melanomas of the vulva and vagina are often considered a separate disease entity.[4] The prognosis of vulvovaginal melanomas is poor, especially for vaginal melanomas and has not improved over the last decades.[5] While chemotherapy has not shown capacity to improve survival in clinical and observational studies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab) have been tested in mucosal melanomas and have shown promising response rates.[6][7]
^James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
^Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
^Chang AE, Karnell LH, Menck HR (October 1998). "The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society". Cancer. 83 (8): 1664–78. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-g. hdl:2027.42/34348. PMID 9781962. S2CID 21472766.
^Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I (December 2019). "Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective". Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 17 (12): 1257–1276. doi:10.1111/ddg.13995. PMC 6972795. PMID 31829526.
^Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I, May T, Vicus D, Gien LT, Laframboise S (November 2019). "Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 21 (2): 285–295. doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00487-x. PMC 7125071. PMID 31784896.
^Hamid, Omid; Robert, Caroline; Ribas, Antoni; Hodi, F. Stephen; Walpole, Euan; Daud, Adil; Arance, Ana S.; Brown, Ewan; Hoeller, Christoph; Mortier, Laurent; Schachter, Jacob (September 2018). "Antitumour activity of pembrolizumab in advanced mucosal melanoma: a post-hoc analysis of KEYNOTE-001, 002, 006". British Journal of Cancer. 119 (6): 670–674. doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0207-6. ISSN 1532-1827. PMC 6173747. PMID 30202085.
^Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; Laframboise, Stéphane (2020-11-24). "Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 25 (2): 146–151. doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000583. ISSN 1526-0976. PMC 7984764. PMID 33252450.
Mucosalmelanoma is a rare condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes. This subtype is associated a worse prognosis than those arising...
thus give a prognosis for, ocular melanoma and melanoma of soft parts, or mucosalmelanoma (e.g., rectal melanoma), although these tend to metastasize...
non-sun-exposed melanomas, such as acral melanomas and mucosalmelanomas. BRAF mutations are extremely rare in posterior uveal melanomas; instead, uveal melanomas frequently...
Mohammed; Benariba, Fouad (February 21, 2022). "Amelanotic Malignant MucosalMelanoma of the Nasal Cavity: Case Report and Literature Review". Cureus. 14...
be non-contagious, non-infectious, and not sexually transmissible. The mucosal destruction is thought to be the result of a T cell (T lymphocyte) mediated...
relapse. Loss of the white peripheral zone is thought to signify periods of mucosal healing. There are usually no symptoms other than the unusual appearance...
infection occurs when the herpes simplex virus comes into contact with oral mucosal tissue or abraded skin of the mouth. Infection by the type 1 strain of...
tonsillar areas, but any oral surface may be involved. There is no surrounding mucosal change. Some patients will have hundreds of granules while most have only...
maligna melanomaMelanoma with features of a Spitz nevus (Spitzoid melanoma) Melanoma with small nevus-like cells (small cell melanoma) Mucosalmelanoma Nevoid...
is about 8–11%. This is believed to be due to the increased exposure of mucosal tissue to potential infection sites. Transmission risk from infected female...
result in decreased mouth opening. Complications of Chemotherapy: Oral mucosal cells have high growth rate and are susceptible to the toxic effects of...
Thurston died on August 21, 2012, in Rochester, New York, of a sinus mucosalmelanoma that was diagnosed in 2011. William Thurston, The geometry and topology...
relatively common condition, accounting for between 0.7 – 3.8% of oral mucosal lesions in adults and between 0.2 – 15.1% in children, though overall it...
impact of histology on the survival of patients with cutaneous or mucosalmelanoma. Understanding patients’ histological subtypes and their failure rate...
occur in neurofibromatosis but very rarely in single lesion presentation. Mucosal neuromas can be associated with other conditions such as Multiple Endocrine...
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