1223–1236 invasions of the Bulgar state by the Mongol Empire
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Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
Date
1223 (first), 1229–1230 (second), and 1236 AD (third)
Location
Volga Bulgaria
Result
Initial raids repulsed, subsequent invasions were a decisive Mongol victory
Territorial changes
Bulgar territories added to Mongol Empire
Belligerents
Mongol Empire
Volga Bulgaria
Commanders and leaders
Subutai Jebe (1223) Sunitay and Kukedey (1229–1230) Batu and Subutai (1236)
1223: Less than 20,000 1229: 20,000 1236: ~35,000[1][2]
Casualties and losses
Light casualties , defeated in their first attack
Heavy
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Genghis Khan's campaigns
Rise of Genghis Khan
Chakirmaut
Western Xia
Jin dynasty
Yehuling
Zhongdu
Qara Khitai
Khwarazmia
Bukhara
Samarkand
Merv
Parwan
Indus
Kalka River
Volga Bulgars
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Ögedei Khan's campaigns
Volga Bulgars
Jin dynasty
Kaifeng
Caizhou
Eastern Liao
Khwarazmia
Goryeo
Georgia
Armenia
Kievan Rus'
Ryazan
Sit River
Kozelsk
Kiev
Tibet
Poland
Legnica
Hungary
Mohi
Bulgaria and Serbia
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Mongol invasions and conquests
Asia
Burma
First
Second
Central Asia
Qara Khitai
Khwarezm
China
Western Xia
Jin
Eastern Xia
Song
Western Asia
Georgia
Anatolia
Persia
Nizari state
Levant
Palestine
Other invasions
India
Japan
Java
Korea
Sakhalin
Siberia
Tibet
Vietnam
Europe
Kievan Rus
Volga Bulgaria
Cumania
Durdzuketi
Circassia
Alania
Poland (First, Second, Third)
Hungary (First, Second)
Holy Roman Empire
Bulgaria and Serbia
Latin Empire
Lithuania
Byzantine Thrace
Serbia
Part of a series on the
History of Tatarstan
Great Bulgaria
Turco-Mongols
Great Tartary
Volga Bulgaria
Kipchaks
Mongol invasion
Golden Horde
Khanate of Kazan
Muscovy
Kazan Governorate
Tatar ASSR
Republic of Tatarstan
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Part of a series on the
History of Udmurtia
Volga Bulgaria
Mongol invasion
Golden Horde
Khanate of Kazan
Ar begs
Muscovy
Kazan Governorate
Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
Udmurt ASSR
Udmurt Republic
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The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history. Before the Mongol conquest, Russians of Novgorod and Vladimir repeatedly looted and attacked the area, thereby weakening the Bulgar state's economy and military power.[3] The latter ambushed the Mongols in the later 1223 or in 1224.[4] Several clashes occurred between 1229–1234, and the Mongol Empire conquered the Bulgars in 1236.
^László, Markó (2000). Great Honours of the Hungarian State. Budapest: Magyar Könyvklub. ISBN 963-547-085-1.
^Liptai, Ervin (1985). Military history of Hungary (2 ed.). Budapest: Zrínyi katonai Kiadó. ISBN 963-326-337-9.
^George V. Lantzeff – Russian Eastward Expansion before the Mongol Invasion, American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 6, No. 3/4 (Dec., 1947), pp. 1–10
^Allsen, Thomas T. – The Princes of the Left Hand: An Introduction to the History of the ulus of Orda in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries, Archivum Eurasiae medii aevi, 5 (1987), 5 – 40.
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