České knížectví(Czech) Ducatus Bohemiæ(Latin) Herzogtum Böhmen(German)
c. 870–1198
Banner of arms
Arms of the Přemyslid dynasty
Duchy of Bohemia within the Holy Roman Empire, 11th century
Duchy of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire after 1029
Status
Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire (from 1002)
Capital
Prague
Common languages
Czech, Latin
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Slavic Orthodoxy
Slavic paganism
Judaism (Jews)
Government
Feudal monarchy (duchy)
Duke
• c. 875–888/9
Bořivoj I (first duke)
• 1192–93, 1197–98
Ottokar I (last duke, king to 1230)
History
• Duchy established
c. 870
• Bořivoj I moved seat to Prague Castle
875
• State of the Holy Roman Empire
1002
• Raised to Kingdom
1198
• Confirmed by Golden Bull of Sicily
1212
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Bohemian tribes
Great Moravia
Czech lands
∟ Kingdom of Bohemia
∟ Margraviate of Moravia
The Duchy of Bohemia, also later referred to in English as the Czech Duchy,[1][2] (Czech: České knížectví) was a monarchy and a principality of the Holy Roman Empire in Central Europe during the Early and High Middle Ages. It was formed around 870 by Czechs as part of the Great Moravian realm. Bohemia separated from disintegrating Great Moravia after Duke Spytihněv swore fealty to the East Frankish king Arnulf in 895.
While the Bohemian dukes of the Přemyslid dynasty, at first ruling at Prague Castle and Levý Hradec, brought further estates under their control, the Christianization initiated by Saints Cyril and Methodius was continued by the Frankish bishops of Regensburg and Passau. In 973, the Diocese of Prague was founded through the joint efforts of Duke Boleslaus II and Emperor Otto I.[3] Later Duke Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, killed by his younger brother Boleslaus in September 935, became the land's patron saint.
While the lands were occupied by the Polish king Bolesław I and internal struggles shook the Přemyslid dynasty, Duke Vladivoj received Bohemia as a fief from the hands of the East Frankish king Henry II in 1002 and the duchy became an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire. The Duchy of Bohemia was raised to a hereditary Kingdom of Bohemia, when Duke Ottokar I ensured his elevation by the German king Philip of Swabia in 1198. The Přemyslids remained in power throughout the High Middle Ages, until the extinction of the male line with the death of King Wenceslaus III in 1306.
^Bradshaw, George (1867). Bradshaw's illustrated hand-book to Germany. London. p. 223. Retrieved 12 July 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Chotěbor, Petr (2005). Prague Castle : Detailed Guide (2nd complemente ed.). Prague: Prague Castle Administration. pp. 19, 27. ISBN 80-86161-61-7.
^Bohemia to the Extinction of the Premyslids, Kamil Krofta, Cambridge Medieval History:Victory of the Papacy, Vol. VI, ed. J.R. Tanner, C.W. Previte-Orton and Z.N. Brooke, (Cambridge University Press, 1957), 432.
The DuchyofBohemia, also later referred to in English as the Czech Duchy, (Czech: České knížectví) was a monarchy and a principality of the Holy Roman...
The DuchyofBohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom ofBohemia in 1198. Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings beforehand...
recognized in 1212 by the Golden Bull of Sicily issued by Emperor Frederick II, elevating the DuchyofBohemia to Kingdom status and proclaiming its independence...
Christianity was related to the establishment of a new state (first the DuchyofBohemia, later the Kingdom ofBohemia), and was implemented from the top down...
invasion at the start of the 10th century. A new state formed around the tribe of Premyslids, who founded the DuchyofBohemia. The duchy existed largely within...
of Wrocław as well as most other duchies ruled by the Silesian Piasts passed to the Kingdom ofBohemia as Duchiesof Silesia. The acquisition was completed...
consisted of the Kingdom ofBohemia, an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire according to the Golden Bull of 1356, the Margraviate of Moravia, the Duchiesof Silesia...
Liberec. The DuchyofBohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman...
Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King ofBohemia...
range, marked the border with the DuchyofBohemia (elevated to a Kingdom in 1198) and the Moravian lands, both of which were held by the Czech Přemyslid...
II Jagiellon ofBohemia granted Opava to Duke Casimir II of Cieszyn (Teschen), who had married a daughter of Victor and held the duchy until his death...
the DuchyofBohemia and the Caliphate of Córdoba in Moorish al-Andalus in the early Middle Ages. The Duchy's capital of Prague was the center of this...
such as Ukrainians (Kievan Rus'), Poles (Duchyof Poland) and Czechs-Slovaks (Great Moravia, DuchyofBohemia). Others say there was never a distinct polity...
death retained Bohemia, his younger half brother Sigismund inherited Brandenburg, while John received the newly established Duchyof Görlitz in Upper...
and was most likely intended to bring Mieszko's state closer to the DuchyofBohemia and to prevent future attacks by the Holy Roman Empire in an attempt...
Duchy of Croatia and the Banate of Bosnia, and West Slavs in the Principality of Nitra, Great Moravia, the DuchyofBohemia, and the Kingdom of Poland...
European Slavic territories, most notably Croatia, Serbia, Bohemia, Lesser Poland, and principalities of the Kievan Rus' – while retaining characteristically...
invasion of the DuchyofBohemia the same year and by conquering Danish realms in Schleswig in 934. Henry's hegemonic status north of the Alps was acknowledged...
Ruthenia, Bohemia and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids. In 1138, after the death of Bolesław...
Sudetenland had been an integral part of the Czech state (first within the DuchyofBohemia and later the Kingdom ofBohemia) both geographically and politically...
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