Alternative respiratory strategies in hypoxic waters
An oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is characterized as an oxygen-deficient layer in the world's oceans. Typically found between 200 m to 1500 m deep below regions of high productivity, such as the western coasts of continents.[1] OMZs can be seasonal following the spring-summer upwelling season. Upwelling of nutrient-rich water leads to high productivity and labile organic matter, that is respired by heterotrophs as it sinks down the water column. High respiration rates deplete the oxygen in the water column to concentrations of 2 mg/L or less forming the OMZ.[2] OMZs are expanding, with increasing ocean deoxygenation. Under these oxygen-starved conditions, energy is diverted from higher trophic levels to microbial communities that have evolved to use other biogeochemical species instead of oxygen, these species include nitrate, nitrite, sulphate etc.[3] Several Bacteria and Archea have adapted to live in these environments by using these alternate chemical species and thrive. The most abundant phyla in OMZs are Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, and Planctomycetota.[3]
In the absence of oxygen, microbes use other chemical species to carry out respiration, in the order of the electrochemical series.[4] With nitrate and nitrite reduction yielding as much energy as oxygen respiration, followed by manganese and iodate respiration and yielding the least amount of energy at the bottom of the series are the iron and sulfate reducers. The utilization of these chemical species by microbes plays an important role in their biogeochemical cycling in the world's oceans.[5]
^"Oxygen Minimum Zones". depts.washington.edu.
^Karstensen (2008). "Oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans" (PDF). Progress in Oceanography. 77 (4): 331–350. Bibcode:2008PrOce..77..331K. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2007.05.009.
^ abBertagnolli, Stewart, Anthony D, Frank J. "Microbial niches in marine oxygen minimum zones". Nature Reviews Microbiology.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
An oxygenminimumzone (OMZ) is characterized as an oxygen-deficient layer in the world's oceans. Typically found between 200 m to 1500 m deep below regions...
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cycling of sulfur in environments hosting both abundant reduced sulfur species and low concentrations ofoxygen, such as marine sediments, oxygenminimum zones...
can happen in anoxic habitats such as marine or lake sediments, oxygenminimumzones, anoxic water columns, rice paddies and soils. Some specific methanotrophs...
Nitrospina-like species are major nitrite oxidizing bacteria in oxygenminimumzones". The ISME Journal. 13 (10): 2391–2402. Bibcode:2019ISMEJ..13.2391S...
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of nitrification in marine environments. Although genus Nitrospina is aerobic bacterium, it was shown to oxidize nitrite also in oxygenminimumzone of...
marine microorganisms capable of performing DNRA are most commonly found in environments low in O2, such as oxygenminimumzones (OMZs) in the water column...
Hypoxia (environmental) Meromictic Mortichnia Ocean deoxygenation Oxygenminimumzones "Volatile Organic Compounds in the Nation's Ground Water and Drinking-Water...
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very low oxygen due to long periods of isolation of the water from the atmosphere. These oxygen deficient areas, called oxygenminimumzones or hypoxic...
Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It...
resistant to higher oxygen concentrations, hence they mostly populate oxygenminimumzones (OMZs). Thioploca spp. has shown two types of response to sulphide...
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O2. The oxygen atom product combines with atmospheric molecular oxygen to reform O3, releasing heat. The rapid photolysis and reformation of ozone heat...
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it. There are two known variations of this scenario: The boundary between the oxygenated and oxygen-free zonesof a mat would have moved up when photosynthesis...
microdiversity study of anammox bacteria reveals a novel Candidatus Scalindua phylotype in marine oxygenminimumzones". Environmental Microbiology. 10 (11): 3106–3119...
in oxygen, called oxygen deficient zones (ODZs), are important areas for nitrogen cycling yet only make up about 0.1-0.2% of the total volume of the...
L.A. Levin; J.I. Cañete (October 2004). "Macrobenthic zonation caused by the oxygenminimumzone on the shelf and slope off central Chile". Deep-Sea Research...
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up more of the oxygen, generating a "dead zone" which can cause fish die-offs. When these zones cover a large area for an extended period of time, neither...
agar shake method, which allows determination of whether the species is anaerobic or aerobic using minimum inhibitory concentrations. In this case, anaerobic...
that oxygen doesn't interfere with the oxygen-sensitive enzyme complex responsible for nitrogen fixation, since these enzymes are sensitive to oxygen. Oxygen...
directly proportional to the oxygen partial pressure of the sample. The signal is temperature compensated for the oxygen solubility in water, the electrochemical...
ocean, but the early atmosphere contained almost no oxygen. Much of the Earth was molten because of frequent collisions with other bodies which led to...
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