Water purified to uncommonly stringent specifications
Ultrapure water (UPW), high-purity water or highly purified water (HPW) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications. Ultrapure water is a term commonly used in manufacturing to emphasize the fact that the water is treated to the highest levels of purity for all contaminant types, including: organic and inorganic compounds; dissolved and particulate matter; volatile and non-volatile; reactive, and inert; hydrophilic and hydrophobic; and dissolved gases.
UPW and the commonly used term deionized (DI) water are not the same. In addition to the fact that UPW has organic particles and dissolved gases removed, a typical UPW system has three stages: a pretreatment stage to produce purified water, a primary stage to further purify the water, and a polishing stage, the most expensive part of the treatment process.[A]
A number of organizations and groups develop and publish standards associated with the production of UPW. For microelectronics and power, they include Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) (microelectronics and photovoltaic), American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM International) (semiconductor, power), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) (power), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) (power), and International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) (power). Pharmaceutical plants follow water quality standards as developed by pharmacopeias, of which three examples are the United States Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia, and Japanese Pharmacopeia.
The most widely used requirements for UPW quality are documented by ASTM D5127 "Standard Guide for Ultra-Pure Water Used in the Electronics and Semiconductor Industries"[1] and SEMI F63 "Guide for ultrapure water used in semiconductor processing".[2]
Ultra pure water is also used as boiler feedwater in the UK AGR fleet.[citation needed]
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^ASTM D5127 Standard Guide for Ultra-Pure Water Used in the Electronics and Semiconductor Industries
^SEMI F63 Guide for Ultrapure Water Used in Semiconductor Processing
Ultrapurewater (UPW), high-purity water or highly purified water (HPW) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications. Ultrapure...
ultrapurewater of such high purity that its trace contaminants are measured in parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt). Purified water has...
differences between the supposed "hexagonal water", ultrapurewater, and human urine. The experimental observation of water clusters requires spectroscopic tools...
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been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapurewater systems, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or...
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Pre-demineralization (e.g., boiler makeup & pretreatment, ultrapurewater pretreatment, process water desalination, power generation, semiconductor, chemical...
a platinum parallel-plate capacitor placed in a vessel filled with ultrapurewater has been measured. The observed discharge trend could be described...
bacterium from the genus of Phreatobacter which has been isolated from ultrapurewater from a power plant in Hungaria. "Species: Phreatobacter oligotrophus"...
waste handling, petrochemical, oil and gas, food, beverage processing, water, wastewater management. PVDF is commonly used as insulation on electrical...
been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapurewater systems, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or...
ultrafiltration (fluid removal). Dialysis uses highly purified (also known as "ultrapure") water. Dialysis works on the principles of the diffusion of solutes and...
Molsheim, France 1973: introduces the Milli-Q water purification system, the first lab-scale ultrapurewater system 1978: reaches $100 million revenue 1978:...
production of ultrapurewater. The number of effects is inversely proportional to the kW·h/m3 of water recovered figure and refers to the volume of water recovered...
significant concentration of cyanate (20 mM in 8 M urea). Dissolving urea in ultrapurewater followed by removing ions (i.e. cyanate) with a mixed-bed ion-exchange...
cover the entire wafer. Immersion lithography scanners use a layer of Ultrapurewater between the lens and the wafer to increase resolution. An alternative...
of 10 g/L hydrazine sulfate and 100 g/L hexamethylenetetramine with ultrapurewater. The resulting solution is left for 24 hours, at 25 °C ±3 °C, for the...
Pro Wrestling, a defunct professional wrestling promotion. UltrapureWater, a type of water used during semiconductor manufacturing or chem./physics experiencies...
leaving ultrapurewater. Even this degree of water purification may be insufficient. The trend lately is to pass this final purified water (after mixing...
material is like pushing water through a pipe full of sand - while passing current through a low-resistivity material is like pushing water through an empty pipe...
treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapurewater. It differs from other RO polishing methods, like chemically regenerated...
been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapurewater systems, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or...
include microelectronics, life science and the food industry as well as ultrapurewater systems in different sectors. AGRU manufactures pipe systems for various...
The droughts affected the production due to the lack of available ultrapurewater that is needed to clean the factories and wafers. Other factors cited...
of water, primarily for rinsing the chips. Wafer processing Wet cleans Cleaning by solvents such as acetone, trichloroethylene or ultrapurewater sometimes...