Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a microbial process of the nitrogen cycle
A bioreactor containing the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle[1] that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating this process were identified in 1999, and were a great surprise for the scientific community.[2] In the anammox reaction, nitrite and ammonium ions are converted directly into diatomic nitrogen and water.
The bacteria that perform the anammox process are genera that belong to the bacterial phylum Planctomycetota. The anammox bacteria all possess one anammoxosome, a lipid bilayer membrane-bound compartment inside the cytoplasm in which the anammox process takes place.[3][4] The anammoxosome membranes are rich in ladderane lipids; the presence of these lipids is so far unique in biology.[5]
"Anammox" is also the trademarked name for an anammox-based ammonium removal technology developed[6] by the Delft University of Technology.
^Arrigo KR (2005). "Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles". Nature. 437 (7057): 349–55. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..349A. doi:10.1038/nature04159. PMID 16163345. S2CID 62781480.
^Strous M, Fuerst JA, Kramer EH, Logemann S, Muyzer G, van de Pas-Schoonen KT, Webb R, Kuenen JG, Jetten MS (July 1999). "Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete" (PDF). Nature. 400 (6743): 446–9. Bibcode:1999Natur.400..446S. doi:10.1038/22749. PMID 10440372. S2CID 2222680.
^van Teeseling, Muriel C. F.; Neumann, Sarah; van Niftrik, Laura (2013). "The anammoxosome organelle is crucial for the energy metabolism of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria". Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology. 23 (1–2): 104–117. doi:10.1159/000346547. hdl:2066/117268. ISSN 1660-2412. PMID 23615199.
^Claret Fernández, Laura; Mesman, Rob; van Niftrik, Laura (2020), Jendrossek, Dieter (ed.), "The Anammoxosome Organelle: The Power Plant of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria", Bacterial Organelles and Organelle-like Inclusions, Microbiology Monographs, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 107–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60173-7_5, ISBN 978-3-030-60173-7, retrieved 2024-01-17
^Claret Fernández, Laura; Mesman, Rob; van Niftrik, Laura (2020), Jendrossek, Dieter (ed.), "The Anammoxosome Organelle: The Power Plant of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria", Bacterial Organelles and Organelle-like Inclusions, Microbiology Monographs, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 107–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60173-7_5, ISBN 978-3-030-60173-7, retrieved 2024-01-17
^Jetten Michael Silvester Maria, Van Loosdrecht Marinus Corneli; Technische Universiteit Delft, patent WO9807664
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle that takes place in many...
Anammox is a wastewater treatment technique that removes nitrogen using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). This process is performed by anammox bacteria...
of this phylum capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, also known as anammox. Many Planctomycetota occur in relatively high abundance as biofilms, often...
Denitrification and anammox are the major N2-producing microbial processes found in hadal sediments, with anammox contributing significantly more. Anammox bacteria...
9j4517M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104517. PMC 4134218. PMID 25127459. "Anammox". Anammox - MicrobeWiki. MicrobeWiki. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27...
nitrification (biological oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrite) and in anammox (biological oxidation of nitrite and ammonium into dinitrogen gas) which...
denitrification and anammox as dinitrogen gas (N2), a compound only accessible to nitrogen-fixing bacteria. N2 production from denitrification and anammox closes the...
can be used for anaerobic processes, such as the removal of ammonia via Anammox, or the study of slow-growing microorganisms. In this case, the reactors...
is produced as an intermediate during anammox metabolism. To deal with the high toxicity of hydrazine, anammox bacteria contain a hydrazine-containing...
Membrane-bounded anammoxosomes have been discovered in five Planctomycetota "anammox" genera, which perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation. In the Planctomycetota...
unique phylomarker with which to study the presence and biodiversity of anammox bacteria". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78 (3): 752–8. Bibcode:2012ApEnM....
as anammox, an important part of the global nitrogen cycle. Anammox works by converting fixed nitrogen back into N2 gas in the atmosphere. Anammox bacteria...
in marine environments. The genus "Ca. Scalindua" are the most abundant anammox bacteria in marine environments, so they are vital to the Earth's nitrogen...
organism, any organism whose redox metabolism does not depend on free oxygen Anammox, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a globally important microbial process of...
the only organism known to produce hydrazine. This process (dubbed the anammox-process) was discovered in the 1980s by the Gijs Kuenen lab in a waste...
human and aquatic life. The microbial anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) has been cultivated at wastewater treatment center for years in order...
utilizing SHARON reactors can proceed with an anoxic reduction, such as anammox. The SHARON (Single reactor system for High activity Ammonium Removal Over...
several groups: methanogens, sulfur oxidizers and reducers, nitrifiers, anammox bacteria, and thermoacidophiles. An example of one of these prokaryotes...
been identified as major components of the anammoxosome membrane of the anammox bacteria, phylum Planctomycetota. Synthetic approaches have yielded ladderanes...
which include the fixation of nitrogen, its assimilation, nitrification, anammox and denitrification. Some of these processes take place in deep water so...
conditions can also occur through process called anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox): NH4+ + NO2− → N2 + 2 H2O In some wastewater treatment plants, compounds...
2020). "Decorating the Anammox House: Sialic Acids and Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in the Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Anammox Granular Sludge". Environ...
A chemolithotrophic example are Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (ANAMMOX), which use ammonia and nitrite to produce N2. Additionally, in July 2020...
dinitrogen via Anammox, has been attributed to significant nitrogen loss in certain parts of the ocean; this DNRA-Anammox coupling by DNRA and Anammox bacteria...
Candidatus Anammoxoglobus propionicus is an anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bacteria that is taxonomically in the phylum of Planctomycetota. Anammoxoglobus...
oxidoreductase is involved in the pathway of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in anammox bacteria. Schalk J, de Vries S, Kuenen JG, Jetten MS (May 2000). "Involvement...
Brocadia fulgida is a prokaryotic species of bacteria that performs the anammox process. Fatty acids constitute an enrichment culture for B. fulgida. The...
metabolisms in anaerobic environments. In Bannock basin and L'Atalante basin, anammox and denitrification pathways have been identified using a combination of...
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