Metabolic gene clusters or biosynthetic gene clusters are tightly linked sets of mostly non-homologous genes participating in a common, discrete metabolic pathway. The genes are in physical vicinity to each other on the genome, and their expression is often coregulated.[1][2][3] Metabolic gene clusters are common features of bacterial[4] and most fungal[5] genomes. They are less often found in other[6] organisms. They are most widely known for producing secondary metabolites, the source or basis of most pharmaceutical compounds, natural toxins, chemical communication, and chemical warfare between organisms. Metabolic gene clusters are also involved in nutrient acquisition, toxin degradation,[7] antimicrobial resistance, and vitamin biosynthesis.[5] Given all these properties of metabolic gene clusters, they play a key role in shaping microbial ecosystems, including microbiome-host interactions. Thus several computational genomics tools have been developed to predict metabolic gene clusters.
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^Miller BL, Miller KY, Roberti KA, Timberlake WE (January 1987). "Position-dependent and -independent mechanisms regulate cell-specific expression of the SpoC1 gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 7 (1): 427–34. doi:10.1128/MCB.7.1.427. PMC 365085. PMID 3550422.
^Banf M, Zhao K, Rhee SY (September 2019). "METACLUSTER-an R package for context-specific expression analysis of metabolic gene clusters". Bioinformatics. 35 (17): 3178–3180. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz021. PMC 6735823. PMID 30657869.
^Cimermancic P, Medema MH, Claesen J, Kurita K, Wieland Brown LC, Mavrommatis K, et al. (July 2014). "Insights into secondary metabolism from a global analysis of prokaryotic biosynthetic gene clusters". Cell. 158 (2): 412–421. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.034. PMC 4123684. PMID 25036635.
^ abSlot JC (2017). "Fungal Gene Cluster Diversity and Evolution". Fungal Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics. Advances in Genetics. Vol. 100. pp. 141–178. doi:10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.005. ISBN 978-0-12-813261-6. PMID 29153399.
^Wisecaver JH, Borowsky AT, Tzin V, Jander G, Kliebenstein DJ, Rokas A (May 2017). "A Global Coexpression Network Approach for Connecting Genes to Specialized Metabolic Pathways in Plants". The Plant Cell. 29 (5): 944–959. doi:10.1105/tpc.17.00009. PMC 5466033. PMID 28408660.
^Gluck-Thaler E, Slot JC (June 2018). "Specialized plant biochemistry drives gene clustering in fungi". The ISME Journal. 12 (7): 1694–1705. Bibcode:2018ISMEJ..12.1694G. doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0075-3. PMC 6018750. PMID 29463891.
and 26 Related for: Metabolic gene cluster information
Metabolicgeneclusters or biosynthetic geneclusters are tightly linked sets of mostly non-homologous genes participating in a common, discrete metabolic...
systematically evaluates bacterial metabolic potential by predicting both known and novel anaerobic metabolicgeneclusters (MGCs) from the gut microbiome...
M, Medema M (2020). "BiG-MAP: an automated pipeline to profile metabolicgenecluster abundance and expression in microbiomes". mSystems. 6 (5): e00937-21...
identified by Dr. Franz-Josef Marner This enzyme is a member of a metabolicgenecluster along with two other cytochrome P450s. Xiong Q, Wilson WK, Matsuda...
PMID 9851916. Wong S, Wolfe KH (July 2005). "Birth of a metabolicgenecluster in yeast by adaptive gene relocation". Nature Genetics. 37 (7): 777–782. doi:10...
is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand...
represents the output of a two dimensional cluster, in which similar samples (rows, above) and similar gene probes (columns) were organized so that they...
(alternative metabolic pathway) to synthesis same products. Such duplications (paralogs) and alternative metabolic pathways often render essential genes non-essential...
Metabolic myopathies are myopathies that result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle. They are generally genetic defects...
in size. The genome contains 687 genes that encode for proteins, of which about 56.6% code for essential metabolic enzymes; notably those involved in...
encoded by the FXN gene. It is located in the mitochondrion and Frataxin mRNA is mostly expressed in tissues with a high metabolic rate. The function...
familial lineage. A 2023 study used comparative genomics to identify a metabolicgenecluster involved in anthraquinone metabolism and shared uniquely across...
form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase...
in particular to select sets of genes as candidates for network nodes. The question then arises: how can the clustering or classification results be connected...
in many different circumstances, some of which are gene regulatory, protein interaction and metabolic networks. Supervised learning is a type of algorithm...
example, gene knockouts in mice have been used to study the role of specific genes in cancer, neurological disorders, immune disorders, and metabolic disorders...
within this gene is associated with variable ability to metabolize drugs. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome...
2011). "Horizontal transfer of a large and highly toxic secondary metabolicgenecluster between fungi". Current Biology. 21 (2): 134–139. Bibcode:2011CBio...
is caused by a mutation in the gene for iron-sulfur cluster scaffold protein (ISCU), which helps build the Fe-S cluster on which the activity of aconitase...
choosing a biological pathway and diagramming all of the protein, gene, and/or metabolic pathways. After determining all of the interactions, mass action...
Iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme ISCU, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ISCU gene. It encodes an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster scaffold...
fenvalerate was found to be an intracellular enzyme. Unique fitness genes show that numerous metabolic pathways, namely tat-dependent protein secretion, DNA recombination...
replaced the iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway with a cytosolic sulfur mobilization system, likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer from a eubacterium...
genes and 93 amino acid degradation genes. Both A. pisum and Buchnera contribute to the metabolic pathways of amino acid biosynthesis. This metabolic...
prokaryote repeat cluster was accompanied by a set of homologous genes that make up CRISPR-associated systems or cas genes. Four cas genes (cas 1–4) were...
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