Teloschistes flavicans is the type species of the type genus of the family Teloschistaceae.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Lecanoromycetes
Order:
Teloschistales
Family:
Teloschistaceae Zahlbr. (1898)
Type genus
Teloschistes
Norman (1853)
Subfamilies
Caloplacoideae – 37 genera
Teloschistoideae – 33 genera
Xanthorioideae – 45 genera
Synonyms[1]
Caloplacaceae Zahlbr. (1907)
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although its members occur predominantly in temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.
Teloschistaceae lichens typically have one of a few physical growth forms. Depending on the species, the thallus (the main body of the lichen) is either leaf-like (foliose), bushy or shrub-like (fruticose), or crust-like (crustose). These lichens typically partner with a photosynthetic companion (a photobiont) from the green algal genus Trebouxia. Teloschistaceae members are also characterised by their apothecia (the fruiting bodies where sexual reproduction occurs), which generally have a well-defined encircling rim of tissue. In the Teloschistaceae, the tip of the ascus, the structure that produces spores, characteristically turns blue when stained with iodine. The ascospores are released through a longitudinal slit in the ascus tip, a unique trait common to this family of lichens.
The family, first formally proposed in 1898, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation or resurrection of 31 genera. Three subfamilies – Caloplacoideae, Teloschistoideae, and Xanthorioideae – are recognised. Since 2013, several dozen new genera have been added to the family, but there has been some debate about these additions. Ongoing DNA studies are helping to provide clearer insights into how the different groups within this family are related. The family contains more than 800 species in around 120 genera. Three species from the Teloschistaceae have been globally assessed for conservation status and others, such as the rare New Zealand species Caloplaca allanii, appear on regional lists. The full diversity of this family remains underexplored in vast regions like South America and China. Regarding human interactions and applications, although lacking any major economic impact, several rock-dwelling Teloschistaceae species are known to damage marble surfaces, and others are used in some traditional medicines. One member, Rusavskia elegans, is used in research as a model organism to investigate resilience against the harsh conditions of outer space.
^Cite error: The named reference Cannon & Kirk 2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has...
species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It forms an orange to bright-yellow thallus with ascending lobes that...
candelaria is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was one of the first lichens formally described by Swedish naturalist...
Obscuroplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens...
species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in South Australia, it was formally described as a new species...
species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described by German botanist Georg Franz Hoffmann...
Opeltia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens. The genus...
species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander...
species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander...
Orientophila is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species of mostly saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens...
species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1875 by the botanist...
species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1914 by French...
species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. The species was first formally described by William Nylander in 1886...
Rehmanniella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains five species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichens...
Usnochroma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species of crustose lichens. The genus was circumscribed in 2013...
species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 2007 by Sergey...
Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens. The genus was circumscribed...
Catenarina is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae consisting of three species. These crustose lichens are characterized by their...
Xanthoria parietina is a foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has wide distribution, and many common names such as common orange lichen, yellow...
Xanthaptychia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus, circumscribed in 2017, has three corticolous (bark-dwelling)...
lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed by lichenologists...
species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in...
Caloplaca hnatiukii is a species of lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia and New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species...
Caloplaca hopetounensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in...
species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in Kenya and Uganda. The lichen was first described by the...
lichen native to southern Patagonia. This species belongs to the family Teloschistaceae, which was critically studied in the 2010s. A. thisbe is a small (0...
species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in South America, it was formally described as a new species...
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