Schematic representation of deadenylation-independent decapping in S. cerevisiae
The process of messenger RNA decapping consists of hydrolysis of the 5' cap structure on the RNA exposing a 5' monophosphate. In eukaryotes, this 5' monophosphate is a substrate for the 5' exonuclease Xrn1[1] and the mRNA is quickly destroyed. There are many situations which may lead to the removal of the cap, some of which are discussed below.[2]
In prokaryotes, the initial mRNA transcript naturally possesses a 5'-triphosphate group after bacterial transcription; the enzyme RppH removes a pyrophosphate molecule from the 5' end, converting the 5'-triphosphate to a 5'-monophosphate, triggering mRNA degradation by ribonucleases.[3][4]
^Poole, Toni L.; Stevens, Audrey (June 1997). "Structural Modifications of RNA Influence the 5′ Exoribonucleolytic Hydrolysis by XRN1 and HKE1 ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 235 (3): 799–805. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6877. PMID 9207242.
^Meyer, Sylke; Temme, Claudia; Wahle, Elmar (January 2004). "Messenger RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Pathways and Enzymes". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (4): 197–216. doi:10.1080/10409230490513991. PMID 15596551. S2CID 21227254.
^Deana, Atilio; Celesnik, Helena; Belasco, Joel G. (17 January 2008). "The bacterial enzyme RppH triggers messenger RNA degradation by 5′ pyrophosphate removal". Nature. 451 (7176): 355–358. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..355D. doi:10.1038/nature06475. PMID 18202662. S2CID 4321451.
^Hsieh, Ping-kun; Richards, Jamie; Liu, Quansheng; Belasco, Joel G. (22 April 2013). "Specificity of RppH-dependent RNA degradation in Bacillus subtilis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (22): 8864–8869. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.8864H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1222670110. PMC 3670361. PMID 23610425.
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In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is...
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messengerRNA (mRNA). The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates;...
heterodimer (CBC20/CBC80), which aids in mRNA export to cytoplasm and also protect the RNA from decapping. Another modification is 3′ cleavage and polyadenylation...
message from decapping. When translationally repressed or marked for decay by various mechanisms the 5' cap is bound by the mRNAdecapping enzyme DCP2...
cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that assemble into 0.1–2 μm membraneless organelles when the cell is under stress. The mRNA molecules found in stress granules...
regulating the RNA degradation activity of the complex to substrates specific to these cell compartments. Substrates of the exosome include messengerRNA, ribosomal...
RNA ends (PARE), and degradome sequencing use the T4 ligase of the Illumina sequencing platform to sequence decapped mRNAs. T4 ligase ligates on RNA with...
for GW182 and the DCP1:DCP2 decapping complex in miRNA-mediated gene silencing". RNA. 11 (11): 1640–1647. doi:10.1261/rna.2191905. PMC 1370850. PMID 16177138...
Izaurralde, Elisa (15 July 2006). "mRNA degradation by miRNAs and GW182 requires both CCR4:NOT deadenylase and DCP1:DCP2 decapping complexes". Genes & Development...
U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LSM1 gene. Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms...
Mohammad; Taverniti, Valerio; et al. (2015-06-01). "Loss of the scavenger mRNAdecapping enzyme DCPS causes syndromic intellectual disability with neuromuscular...
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