Inputs used in the production of goods and services with economic value
This article is about the economics term. For the 2003 album, see Means of Production.
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In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production.[1] While the exact resources encompassed in the term may vary, it is widely agreed to include the classical factors of production (land, labour, and capital) as well as the general infrastructure and capital goods necessary to reproduce stable levels of productivity.[2] It can also be used as an abbreviation of the "means of production and distribution" which additionally includes the logistical distribution and delivery of products, generally through distributors; or as an abbreviation of the "means of production, distribution, and exchange" which further includes the exchange of distributed products, generally to consumers.[3]
The concept of "means of production" is used by researchers in various fields of study — including politics, economics, and sociology — to discuss, broadly, the relationship between anything that can have productive use, its ownership, and the constituent social parts needed to produce it.
^
Gould, Peter; Olsson, Gunnar, eds. (1977). A Search for Common Ground. London: Pion. p. 215. ISBN 9780850860931. Retrieved 8 April 2023. [...] Hindess and Hirst (1977, page 65) [...] define means of production as 'all the conditions necessary to the operation of a particular labour process which are combined in the units of production in which that process takes place' [...].
^Edmundson, William A. (2020). "What Are "The Means of Production"?*". Journal of Political Philosophy. 28 (4): 422–423. doi:10.1111/jopp.12211. ISSN 1467-9760. S2CID 212948343. It takes the means of production to comprise anything that is or can be put to productive use... the means of production consist of anything that enables or could enable the extraction of surplus value (exploitation). Similarly, for Proudhon, goods not meant for immediate consumption, whose accumulation might introduce social inequality
^Marx, Karl; Dobb, Maurice (1971). A contribution to the critique of political economy. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Archived at marxists.org
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it. Social ownership of the meansofproduction is the defining characteristic of a socialist economy, and can take the form of community ownership, state...
(Mixed socialist) Socialist economic systems (all of which feature social ownership of the meansofproduction) can be subdivided by their coordinating mechanism...
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economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the meansofproduction, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the economic, political...
appropriation, as means to the maintenance and extension ofproduction—on the other, direct individual appropriation, as meansof subsistence and of enjoyment...
productionof space is a concept in the sociology of space which contends that space is neither a thing nor a container, but a product and meansof production...
measurements of what determines social class in society have varied over time. Karl Marx defined class by one's relationship to the meansofproduction (their...
concept of biomass production in ecosystems Consumption (economics) Meansofproduction Producer (disambiguation) Product (disambiguation) Production rule...
of the: Productive forces: these include human labour power and meansofproduction (tools, machinery, factory buildings, infrastructure, technical knowledge...
of socialism retained commodity exchange (markets) for labour and the meansofproduction seeking to perfect the market process. The Marxist idea of socialism...
own the meansofproduction during modern industrialization and whose societal concerns are the value of private property and the preservation of capital...
bourgeoisie, own the meansofproduction and purchase the labor power of others II. Workers, or proletariat, do not own any meansofproduction or the ability...
to accept meager wages in return for operating the meansofproduction, which belong to the class of business owners, the bourgeoisie. Karl Marx argued...
goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the meansofproduction, distribution, and exchange...
based on the private ownership of the meansofproduction and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation...
economist who served as lecturer of economics at the University of Cambridge. His book Productionof Commodities by Meansof Commodities is taken as founding...
abolition of the state and private ownership of the meansofproduction. Instead, it envisions the meansofproduction being owned collectively and controlled...
post-revolutionary state seizes the meansofproduction, mandates the implementation of direct elections on behalf of and within the confines of the ruling proletarian...
bourgeoisie) that control the meansofproduction and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power...
capitalism, an economic system based on the private ownership of the meansofproduction and their operation for profit. The distinction between private...
instruments and meansofproduction.' Schweickart, David. Democratic Socialism Archived 2012-06-17 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopedia of Activism and Social...
discovered that in the Colonies, property in money, meansof subsistence, machines, and other meansofproduction, does not as yet stamp a man as a capitalist...
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