1848 political publication by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "The Communist Manifesto" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Communist Manifesto
First edition in German
Author
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Translator
Samuel Moore
Country
United Kingdom
Language
German
Genre
Philosophy
Publication date
21 February 1848
Text
The Communist Manifesto at Wikisource
Part of a series on
Marxism
Theoretical works
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
The Condition of the Working Class in England
The German Ideology
The Communist Manifesto
The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
Grundrisse
Capital
Critique of the Gotha Programme
Dialectics of Nature
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
What Is to Be Done?
The Accumulation of Capital
Philosophical Notebooks
Terrorism and Communism
The State and Revolution
Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
History and Class Consciousness
History of the Russian Revolution
Prison Notebooks
The Black Jacobins
On Practice
Theses on the Philosophy of History
Dialectic of Enlightenment
A Critique of Soviet Economics
The Long Revolution
Guerrilla Warfare
The Wretched of the Earth
Reading Capital
Monopoly Capital
The Society of the Spectacle
Pedagogy of the Oppressed
Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
Ways of Seeing
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
Social Justice and the City
Women, Race and Class
Marxism and the Oppression of Women
Imagined Communities
Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
The Sublime Object of Ideology
Time, Labor and Social Domination
The Age of Extremes
The Origin of Capitalism
Empire
Late Victorian Holocausts
Change the World Without Taking Power
Caliban and the Witch
An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
Capitalist Realism
How to Blow Up a Pipeline
Capital in the Anthropocene
Philosophy
Alienation
Dialectical materialism
Ideology
Philosophy of nature
Philosophy in the Soviet Union
Reification
Critique of political economy
Capital (accumulation)
Crisis theory
Commodity
Concrete and abstract labor
Factors of production
Falling profit-rate tendency
Means of production
Mode of production
Capitalist
Socialist
Productive forces
Scientific socialism
Surplus product
Socially necessary labour time
Value-form
Wage labour
Sociology
Base and superstructure
Bourgeoisie
Class
Class consciousness
Classless society
Commodity fetishism
Communist society
Critical theory
Cultural hegemony
Democracy
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Soviet
Radical
Exploitation
False consciousness
Human nature
Immiseration
Imperialism
Lumpenproletariat
Metabolic rift
Proletariat
Private property
Relations of production
State theory
Working class
History
Class struggle
Historical determinism
Primitive accumulation
Proletarian revolution
World revolution
Theory of historical trajectory
Aspects
Aesthetics
Archaeology
Criminology
Cultural analysis
Cultural Studies
Ethics
Film theory
Geography
Historiography
Literary criticism
Marxism and religion
Sociology
Philosophy
Common Variants
Structural
Autonomist
Marxism–Leninism
Guevarism
Maoism
Titoism
Trotskyism
Neo-Gramscianism
Regulation school
Third-worldist
Hegelian
Budapest School
Frankfurt School
Humanist
Neue Marx-Lektüre
Open
Political
Praxis School
Both
Black
Classical
Communization
Feminist
Leninism
Neo
Post
Western
Other Variants
Analytical
Austromarxism
Centrist
Council communism
Eurocommunism
Instrumental
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
Nkrumaism
Orthodox
Revisionist
Situationist
Socialism with Chinese characteristics
Wertkritik
Workerism
People
Marx
Engels
Morris
Lafargue
Kautsky
Plekhanov
Du Bois
Connolly
Lenin
Luxemburg
Liebknecht
Kollontai
Bogdanov
Stalin
Trotsky
Grossman
Zinoviev
Bloch
Lukács
Korsch
Bukharin
Ho
Serge
Gramsci
Galiev
Pashukanis
Bordiga
Benjamin
Mao
Basu
Mariátegui
Horkheimer
Dutt
Brecht
Marcuse
Kalecki
Fromm
Cox
Lefebvre
James
Adorno
Padmore
Sartre
Deutscher
Beauvoir
Sombart
Nkrumah
Sweezy
Emmanuel
Hill
Bettelheim
Draper
Jones
Hobsbawm
Althusser
Hinton
Williams
Freire
Mandel
Sivanandan
Miliband
Cabral
Thompson
Bauman
Fanon
Kosik
Berger
Castro
Guevara
Liebman
Heller
Guattari
Mészáros
O'Connor
Wallerstein
Mies
Tronti
Debord
Amin
Hall
Nairn
Parenti
Negri
Jameson
Dussel
Harvey
Laclau
Bahro
Poulantzas
Vattimo
Badiou
Harnecker
Altvater
Anderson
Löwy
Vogel
Sison
Easthope
Rancière
Berman
Przeworski
Cohen
Therborn
Ahmad
Losurdo
Ture
Postone
Rodney
Bannerji
Spivak
Newton
Sakai
Wood
Federici
Wolff
Balibar
Eagleton
Kurz
Hartsock
Rowbotham
Mouffe
Geras
Brenner
Davis
Massey
Cleaver
Bishop
Haraway
Panitch
Clarke
Jessop
Davis
Wright
Fraser
Burawoy
Holloway
Rose
Screpanti
Tamás
Hampton
Cano
Žižek
Berardi
Sankara
Hennessy
McDonnell
Douzinas
Roediger
Foster
West
Ghandy
Marcos
Heinrich
Prashad
Kelley
Dean
Lordon
Linera
Fisher
Li
Coulthard
Malm
Seymour
Toscano
Bhattacharya
Moufawad-Paul
Srnicek
Horvat
Hamza
Saito
Journals
Antipode
Capital & Class
Capitalism Nature Socialism
Constellations
Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
Historical Materialism
Mediations
Monthly Review
New Left Review
Race & Class
Rethinking Marxism
Science & Society
Socialist Register
Related topics
21st-century communist theorists
Anarchism
Creative destruction
Conflict theory
Criticism of Marxism
Communism
Communalism
Economic determinism
History of communism
Left-wing politics
Marxian economics
New Left
Old Left
Municipalism
Political ecology
Socialism
Authoritarian
Democratic
Market
Reformist
Revolutionary
Utopian
Left-wing populism
Universal class
Vulgar Marxism
Economism
Worker cooperative
Workers' council
Outline
Communism portal
Philosophy portal
Socialism portal
v
t
e
The Communist Manifesto (German: Das Kommunistische Manifest), originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party (Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848. The text is the first and most systematic attempt by Marx and Engels to codify for wide consumption the historical materialist idea that "the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles", in which social classes are defined by the relationship of people to the means of production. Published amid the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe, the Manifesto remains one of the world's most influential political documents.
Marx and Engels combine philosophical materialism with the Hegelian dialectical method in order to analyze the development of European society through its modes of production, including primitive communism, antiquity, feudalism, and capitalism, noting the emergence of a new, dominant class at each stage. The text outlines the relationship between the means of production, relations of production, forces of production, and the mode of production, and posits that changes in society's economic "base" effect changes in its "superstructure". Marx and Engels assert that capitalism is marked by the exploitation of the proletariat (working class of wage labourers) by the ruling bourgeoisie, which is "constantly revolutionising the instruments [and] relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society". They argue that capital's need for a flexible labour force dissolves the old relations, and that its global expansion in search of new markets creates "a world after its own image".
The Manifesto concludes that capitalism does not offer humanity the possibility of self-realization, instead ensuring that humans are perpetually stunted and alienated. It theorizes that capitalism will bring about its own destruction by polarizing and unifying the proletariat, and predicts that a revolution will lead to the emergence of communism, a classless society in which "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all". Marx and Engels propose the following transitional policies: the abolition of private property in land and inheritance; introduction of a progressive income tax; confiscation of rebels' property; nationalisation of credit, communication and transport; expansion and integration of industry and agriculture; enforcement of universal obligation of labour; and provision of universal education and abolition of child labour. The text ends with a decisive and famous call for solidarity, popularized as the slogan "Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains".
and 26 Related for: The Communist Manifesto information
TheCommunistManifesto (German: Das Kommunistische Manifest), originally theManifesto of theCommunist Party (Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei), is...
published" (p. 103). TheCommunistManifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Mein Kampf (1925) by Adolf Hitler Manifesto of Race (1938) by Benito...
specifically embodied in TheCommunistManifesto, which proposed a particular type of communism. One of the first uses of the word in its modern sense...
best-known works are the 1848 pamphlet TheCommunistManifesto (with Friedrich Engels) and the three-volume Das Kapital (1867–1894); the latter employs his...
establish theCommunist Correspondence Committee.[citation needed] In 1847, they began writing TheCommunistManifesto (1848), based on Engels' The Principles...
Friedrich Engels write in TheCommunistManifesto, the class struggle in its capitalist phase could well end "in the common ruin of the contending classes,"...
through the merger of two ancestors: the League of the Just, and theCommunist Correspondence Committee, the latter led by Marx and Engels. TheManifesto emerged...
Engels, Friedrich (1848), TheCommunistManifesto Marx, Karl; Engels, Friedrich (1882), "Preface", TheCommunistManifesto Van Auken, Bill (27 September...
authored a number of works, including The Holy Family (1844), The German Ideology (written 1846), and TheCommunistManifesto (1848), and worked as political...
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' TheCommunistManifesto, which opens with the line "A specter is haunting Europe - the specter of Communism". Wark builds...
Marx, Karl. TheCommunistManifesto, part II, Proletarians and Communists http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm Cai...
described the book as a polemic, noting that Rooney has described herself as a Marxist and that the book features discussions about TheCommunistManifesto document...
anniversary of TheCommunistManifesto in 1998. A 'Modern Edition' was released in New York City that year, and style expert Simon Doonan viewed the book as...
TheCommunist Party USA, officially theCommunist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), also known as the American Communist Party, is a communist...
The Overton window is the range of policies politically acceptable to the mainstream population at a given time. It is also known as the window of discourse...
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in various pieces, including in TheCommunistManifesto. Conservative socialism was used as a rebuke by Marx for certain...
Bernard Moss, "Marx and the Permanent Revolution in France: Background to theCommunistManifesto," in TheCommunistManifesto Today: The Socialist Register...
leadership is based upon TheCommunistManifesto (1848), identifying thecommunist party as "the most advanced and resolute section of the working class parties...
close to the Catholic communion rite, hence socialist was the preferred term. Friedrich Engels argued that in 1848, when TheCommunistManifesto was published...
(2002) [1888]. Preface to the 1888 English Edition of theCommunistManifesto. Penguin Books. p. 202. Todorova, Maria (2020). The Lost World of Socialists...
only the words 'smaller capitalists' used in TheCommunistManifesto. Historically, Karl Marx predicted that the petite bourgeoisie was to lose in the course...
TheCommunist Party of Vietnam (CPV), also known as the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic...
"TheManifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat" (Italian: "Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"), commonly known as the Fascist Manifesto...
as a soldier in the regiment, was executed as a ringleader. TheCommunistManifesto was first printed, anonymously and in German, by the Workers Educational...
Global Information
