MOLA topographic images of the two hemispheres of Mars. This image appeared on the cover of Science magazine in May 1999.
The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) was one of five instruments on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft, which operated in Mars orbit from September 1997 to November 2006. However, the MOLA instrument transmitted altimetry data only until June 2001. The MOLA instrument transmitted infrared laser pulses towards Mars at a rate of 10 times per second and measured the time of flight to determine the range (distance) of the MGS spacecraft to the Martian surface. The range measurements resulted in precise topographic maps of Mars. The precision maps are applicable to studies in geophysics, geology and atmospheric circulation. MOLA also functioned as a passive radiometer and measured the radiance of the surface of Mars at 1064 nanometers.[1]
^This article contains public domain material from NASA Goddard Flight Center web site."Planetary Laser Altimetry MOLA" (General description online). NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
and 29 Related for: Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter information
The MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter (MOLA) was one of five instruments on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft, which operated in Marsorbit from September...
exceed 273.16 K (0.01 degrees C, 32.018 degrees F). In 2001, MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter data led to a new convention of zero elevation defined as the...
a large shield volcano on Mars. It is over 21.9 km (13.6 mi; 72,000 ft) high as measured by the MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter (MOLA), about 2.5 times the...
November 2006. The MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter (MOLA) – MOLA was designed to determine Mars' global topography. It operated as an altimeter until a portion...
planet. Laseraltimeters produced global elevation models of Mars, the Moon (Lunar OrbiterLaserAltimeter (LOLA)) Mercury (Mercury LaserAltimeter (MLA))...
possible near-surface water ice deposits. Lunar OrbiterLaserAltimeter (LOLA) The Lunar OrbiterLaserAltimeter investigation provides a precise global lunar...
using laser altimetry include the MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter (MOLA) mapping of Mars, the Lunar OrbitalLaserAltimeter (LOLA) and Lunar Altimeter (LALT)...
operation on Mars. § - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), †Entry Mass, ♦ Estimated, MOLA - MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter List of artificial...
flight. An example of a program using protoflight methods is the MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter project. A protoflight approach carries a higher technical risk...
from the volcanic Hadriacus Mons complex to the northeast, two of which MarsOrbiter Camera images show contain gullies: Dao Vallis and Reull Vallis. These...
Head, J. 2000. "North polar region of Mars: topography of circumpolar deposits from MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter (MOLA) data and evidence for asymmetric...
orbiter and NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter, Mars Polar Lander, and Deep Space 2 penetrators all suffering various terminal errors. Mars Climate Orbiter is...
volcanic plateau centered near the equator in the western hemisphere of Mars. The region is home to the largest volcanoes in the Solar System, including...
Martian ocean. Craters on Acidalia Planitia are asymmetrical. MarsOrbitalLaserAltimeter (MOLA) data revealed that the slopes of the pole-facing crater...
information about conditions on the ground. Mars' orbit is close to Earth's orbit and the asteroid belt. While Mars' day and general composition are similar...
methane levels on Mars. Methane could be produced by microorganisms or by geological means. The European ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter started mapping the...
orbits of Earth and Mars brought them closer than they had been in about 60,000 years. Mars Express consists of two parts, the Mars Express Orbiter and...
ˈmɒntiːz/) are three large shield volcanoes in the Tharsis region of the planet Mars. From north to south, the volcanoes are Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia...
Solomon, Sean C. (2001-10-25). "MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter: Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical...
theories and that Mars never had plate tectonics that could modify the dichotomy. Laseraltimeters and radar-sounding data from orbiting spacecraft have...
(/ˈvælɪs mærɪˈnɛərɪs/; Latin for Mariner Valleys, named after the Mariner 9 Marsorbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along...
are seven orbiters surveying the planet: Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, MAVEN, the Trace Gas Orbiter, the Hope Mars Mission,...
System Exploration Committee. Then titled the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter, the Martian orbiter was planned to expand on the information already...
ocean) hypothesis. The MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter (MOLA), which accurately determined in 1999 the altitude of all parts of Mars, found that the watershed...
quadrangles. The maps below were produced by the Mars Global Surveyor's MarsOrbiterLaserAltimeter; redder colors indicate higher elevations. The maps...
SHARAD (Mars SHAllow RADar sounder) is a subsurface sounding radar embarked on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) probe. It complements the MARSIS radar...
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