Not to be confused with Colonization of Mars or Human mission to Mars.
Self-portrait of Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter (to the left) located at Wright Brothers Field, the Ingenuity helicopter drop site (7 April 2021)
Active Mars missions, 1997 to presentα
Year
Number of missions
1997
2
1998
1
1999
1
2000
1
2001
2
2002
2
2003
3
2004
5
2005
5
2006
6
2007
5
2008
6
2009
5
2010
5
2011
4
2012
5
2013
5
2014
7
2015
7
2016
8
2017
8
2018
9
2019
8
2020
8
2021
11
2022
11
2023
10
The planet Mars has been explored remotely by spacecraft. Probes sent from Earth, beginning in the late 20th century, have yielded a large increase in knowledge about the Martian system, focused primarily on understanding its geology and habitability potential.[1][2] Engineering interplanetary journeys is complicated and the exploration of Mars has experienced a high failure rate, especially the early attempts. Roughly sixty percent of all spacecraft destined for Mars failed before completing their missions, with some failing before their observations could even begin. Some missions have been met with unexpected success, such as the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, which operated for years beyond their specification.[3]
^Grotzinger, John P. (24 January 2014). "Introduction to Special Issue – Habitability, Taphonomy and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 386–387. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..386G. doi:10.1126/science.1249944. PMID 24458635.
^Changela, Hitesh G.; Chatzitheodoridis, Elias; Antunes, Andre; Beaty, David; Bouw, Kristian; Bridges, John C.; Capova, Klara Anna; Cockell, Charles S.; Conley, Catharine A.; Dadachova, Ekaterina; Dallas, Tiffany D. (1 December 2021). "Mars: new insights and unresolved questions". International Journal of Astrobiology. 20 (6): 394–426. arXiv:2112.00596. Bibcode:2021IJAsB..20..394C. doi:10.1017/S1473550421000276. ISSN 1473-5504. S2CID 244773061.
^Society, National Geographic (2009-10-15). "Mars Exploration, Mars Rovers Information, Facts, News, Photos – National Geographic". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
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