Relationships are generally thought to exist in a symbiotic state, and are normally exposed to environmental and animal-specific factors that may cause natural variations. Some events may change the relationship into a functioning but altered symbiotic state, whereas extreme stress events may cause dysbiosis or a breakdown of the relationship and interactions.[1]
All animals on Earth form associations with microorganisms, including protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically explored in single host–symbiont systems. However, new explorations into the diversity of marine microorganisms associating with diverse marine animal hosts is moving the field into studies that address interactions between the animal host and a more multi-member microbiome. The potential for microbiomes to influence the health, physiology, behavior, and ecology of marine animals could alter current understandings of how marine animals adapt to change, and especially the growing climate-related and anthropogenic-induced changes already impacting the ocean environment.[1]
In the oceans, it is challenging to find eukaryotic organisms that do not live in close relationship with a microbial partner. Host-associated microbiomes also influence biogeochemical cycling within ecosystems with cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The microbiomes of diverse marine animals are currently under study, from simplistic organisms including sponges and ctenophores to more complex organisms such as sea squirts and sharks.
^ abApprill, A. (2017) "Marine animal microbiomes: toward understanding host–microbiome interactions in a changing ocean". Frontiers in Marine Science, 4: 222. doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00222. Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
a more multi-member microbiome. The potential for microbiomes to influence the health, physiology, behavior, and ecology of marine animals could alter...
A microbiome (from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) 'small', and βίος (bíos) 'life') is the community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together...
biomass in the ocean. Taken together they form the marinemicrobiome. Over billions of years this microbiome has evolved many life styles and adaptations and...
microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves. The microbiome...
holobiont: Dissecting the effects of plant niches and genotype on the microbiome". Microbiome. 6 (1): 31. doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0413-8. PMC 5810025. PMID 29433554...
Sponge microbiomes are diverse communities of microorganisms in symbiotic association with marine sponges as their hosts. These microorganisms include...
The plant microbiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent...
since the original formulations. Holobionts include the host, virome, microbiome, and any other organisms which contribute in some way to the functioning...
The root microbiome (also called rhizosphere microbiome) is the dynamic community of microorganisms associated with plant roots. Because they are rich...
Apprill, A. (2017) "Marine animal microbiomes: toward understanding host–microbiome interactions in a changing ocean". Frontiers in Marine Science, 4: 222...
Capsule Pili Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments...
fundamental level, marine life affects the nature of the planet. Marine organisms, mostly microorganisms, produce oxygen and sequester carbon. Marine life, in part...
Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stal LJ, Cretoiu MS (2016). The MarineMicrobiome: An Untapped Source of Biodiversity and Biotechnological Potential...
Marine protists Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans...
Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish...
and indirectly influence microbiome composition. Rain and wind also cause temporal variation to the phyllosphere microbiome. The phyllosphere includes...
Apprill, A. (2017)"Marine animal microbiomes: toward understanding host–microbiome interactions in a changing ocean". Frontiers in Marine Science, 4: 222...
manipulate microbiome composition. In marine environments, the phylogenetic diversity of hosts and symbionts suggests both conserved and marine-specific...
Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as cetaceans (whales, dolphins and...
The Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) is an initiative founded by Janet Jansson, Jack Gilbert and Rob Knight in 2010 to collect natural samples and to analyze...
Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species, ocean pollution, ocean...
Marine vertebrates are vertebrates that live in marine environments. These are the marine fish and the marine tetrapods (primarily seabirds, marine reptiles...
Harrod, Chris (2019). "Editorial: MarineMicrobiome and Biogeochemical Cycles in Marine Productive Areas". Frontiers in Marine Science. 6. doi:10.3389/fmars...
Marine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats. Invertebrate is a blanket term that includes all animals apart from the vertebrate...
small areas, a microbiome is a mix of organisms that coexist in a defined space on a much smaller scale. For example, the human microbiome is the collection...
Apprill, A. (2017)"Marine animal microbiomes: toward understanding host–microbiome interactions in a changing ocean". Frontiers in Marine Science, 4: 222...
found turbinmicin. Potent new antifungal drugs discovered in the microbiome of marine animals, unlike most other aminoglycoside names that end with -mycin...
April 2024 (link) Stal, Lucas J.; Cretoiu, Mariana Silvia (2016). The MarineMicrobiome: An Untapped Source of Biodiversity and Biotechnological Potential...
prevent the over-exploitation of these marine resources. Marine conservation is informed by the study of marine plants and animal resources and ecosystem...
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Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
