Application of cybernetics to management and organizations
The viable system model (VSM) by Stafford Beer.
Management cybernetics is concerned with the application of cybernetics to management and organizations. "Management cybernetics" was first introduced by Stafford Beer in the late 1950s[1] and introduces the various mechanisms of self-regulation applied by and to organizational settings, as seen through a cybernetics perspective. Beer developed the theory through a combination of practical applications and a series of influential books. The practical applications involved steel production, publishing and operations research in a large variety of different industries. Some consider that the full flowering of management cybernetics is represented in Beer's books.[2] However, learning continues (see below).[3]
^Cite error: The named reference rosehead was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Michael C. Jackson (1991), Systems Methodology for the Management Sciences.
^Automation, Communication and Cybernetics in Science and Engineering 2015/2016. 2016. ISBN 978-3-319-42620-4.
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