Transdisciplinary field concerned with regulatory and purposive systems
For organisms with both organic and mechanical parts, see cyborg.
For other uses, see Cybernetics (disambiguation).
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Principle diagram of a cybernetic system with a feedback loop
Conversation theory
Entropy
Feedback
Goal-oriented
Homeostasis
Information theory
Operationalization
Second-order cybernetics
Self-reference
System dynamics
Systems science
Systems thinking
Sensemaking
Variety
Theory of computation
Nonlinear dynamics
Time series analysis
Ordinary differential equations
Phase space
Attractors
Population dynamics
Chaos
Multistability
Bifurcation
Coupled map lattices
Game theory
Prisoner's dilemma
Rational choice theory
Bounded rationality
Evolutionary game theory
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Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular processes such as feedback systems where outputs are also inputs. It is concerned with general principles that are relevant across multiple contexts,[1] including in ecological, technological, biological, cognitive and social systems and also in practical activities such as designing,[2] learning, and managing.
The field is named after an example of circular causal feedback—that of steering a ship (the ancient Greek κυβερνήτης (kybernḗtēs) means "helmsperson"). In steering a ship, the helmsperson adjusts their steering in continual response to the effect it is observed as having, forming a feedback loop through which a steady course can be maintained in a changing environment, responding to disturbances from cross winds and tide.[3][4]
Cybernetics' transdisciplinary[5] character has meant that it intersects with a number of other fields, leading to it having both wide influence and diverse interpretations.
^Ashby, W. R. (1956). An introduction to cybernetics. London: Chapman & Hall.
^"Design Cybernetics". Design Research Foundations. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2019. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18557-2. ISBN 978-3-030-18556-5. ISSN 2366-4622. S2CID 239279379.
^Gage, Stephen (2007-01-01). "The boat/helmsman". Technoetic Arts. 5 (1). Intellect: 15–24. doi:10.1386/tear.5.1.15_1. ISSN 1477-965X.
^"What is cybernetics - NTNU". www.ntnu.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
^Müller, Albert (2000). "A Brief History of the BCL". Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften. 11 (1): 9–30. Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
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