A proton, the only baryon stable in isolation, has two up quarks and one down quark, confined via the exchange of gluons.
Baryons are composite particles made of three quarks, as opposed to mesons, which are composite particles made of one quark and one antiquark. Baryons and mesons are both hadrons, which are particles composed solely of quarks or both quarks and antiquarks. The term baryon is derived from the Greek "βαρύς" (barys), meaning "heavy", because, at the time of their naming, it was believed that baryons were characterized by having greater masses than other particles that were classed as matter.
Until a few years ago, it was believed that some experiments showed the existence of pentaquarks – baryons made of four quarks and one antiquark.[1][2] Prior to 2006 the particle physics community as a whole did not view the existence of pentaquarks as likely.[3] On 13 July 2015, the LHCb collaboration at CERN reported results consistent with pentaquark states in the decay of bottom lambda baryons (Λ0 b).[4]
Since baryons are composed of quarks, they participate in the strong interaction. Leptons, on the other hand, are not composed of quarks and as such do not participate in the strong interaction. The best known baryons are protons and neutrons, which make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universe, whereas electrons, the other major component of atoms, are leptons. Each baryon has a corresponding antiparticle, known as an antibaryon, in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks. For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, while its corresponding antiparticle, the antiproton, is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquark.
^H. Muir (2003)
^K. Carter (2003)
^W.-M. Yao et al. (2006): Particle listings – Positive Theta
consistent with pentaquark states in the decay of bottom lambda baryons (Λ0 b). Since baryons are composed of quarks, they participate in the strong interaction...
numbers of B = −1/3. The term "baryon" usually refers to triquarks—baryons made of three quarks (B = 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 = 1). Other exotic baryons have been...
neutral Sigma baryons: Physics portal Listofbaryons Zyla, P. A.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2020). "Review of Particle Physics". Progress of Theoretical...
The sigma baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles which have two quarks from the first flavour generation (up and / or down quarks), and a...
is the elementary charge. Like all conventional baryons, Ξ particles contain three quarks. Ξ baryons, in particular, contain either one up or one down...
have a +2, +1 or −1 elementary charge. They are baryons containing no up or down quarks. Omega baryons containing top quarks are not expected to be observed...
massive than baryons, meaning that they are more easily produced in experiments, and will exhibit higher-energy phenomena sooner than baryons would. For...
The Delta baryons (or Δ baryons, also called Delta resonances) are a family of subatomic particle made of three up or down quarks (u or d quarks), the...
baryons are the proton and the neutron, the building blocks of the atomic nucleus. A great number of hadrons are known (see listofbaryons and list of...
Conference on High Energy Physics. Eightfold way (physics) Listof mesons ListofbaryonsListof particles Nuclear Technology. By Joseph A. Angelo. P. 12...
observations ofbaryons to support the leading observations. Baryons have more or less been found, so groups are working to detect them to a higher level of significance...
Interactions out of thermal equilibrium. Baryon number violation is a necessary condition to produce an excess ofbaryons over anti-baryons. But C-symmetry...
number called a baryon number (B), which is ++1⁄3 for quarks and −+1⁄3 for antiquarks. This means that baryons (composite particles made of three, five or...
consist of protons and neutrons, although exotic nuclei may consist of other baryons, such as hypertriton which contains a hyperon. These baryons (protons...
Without the photo-baryon pressure driving the system outwards, the only remaining force on the baryons was gravitational. Therefore, the baryons and dark matter...
decay. The proton and neutron are in a scheme of categories being at once fermions, hadrons and baryons. The proton carries a positive net charge, and...
understanding of particle physics. Physics portal ListofbaryonsListof mesons Listof particles Hockberger, P. E. (2002). "A history of ultraviolet photobiology...
terms baryons, mesons and leptons referred to masses; however, after the quark model became accepted in the 1970s, it was recognised that baryons are composites...
ordinary baryons, or bosons, like ordinary mesons. According to this classification scheme, pentaquarks, containing five valence quarks, are exotic baryons, while...
Interactions out of thermal equilibrium. Baryon number violation is a necessary condition to produce an excess ofbaryons over anti-baryons. But C-symmetry...
hadrons, which are either baryons (three quarks) or mesons (one quark and one antiquark). Protons and neutrons are baryons, joined by gluons to form the...
total baryon number of 1, and thus would be a baryon. Further, because it has five quarks instead of the usual three found in regular baryons (a.k.a...
reunites with its Yin counterpart. During the events of Boruto, Kurama convinces Naruto to use Baryon Mode in the fight against Isshiki, which results in...
number of quarks are called baryons and those that contain an even number are called mesons. Two baryons, the proton and the neutron, make up most of the...
properties, star formation and 'missing baryons' census in a very massive and fast-spinning hybrid galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society....
number between mesons and baryons results in conventional two-quark mesons being bosons, whereas baryons are fermions. Each type of meson has a corresponding...
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