Organochlorine chemical and an isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com
Monograph
MedlinePlus
a682651
Pregnancy category
C
Routes of administration
Topical
ATC code
P03AB02 (WHO) QS02QA01 (WHO) QP53AB52 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
US: WARNING[1]
Production and agricultural use is banned[2] in the 182 countries that are Parties to the Stockholm Convention, but pharmaceutical use is allowed as a second-line treatment for scabies and lice[2]
Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), gammaxene, Gammallin and benzene hexachloride (BHC),[3] is an organochlorine chemical and an isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane that has been used both as an agricultural insecticide and as a pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies.[4][5]
Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. In humans, lindane affects the nervous system, liver, and kidneys, and may well be a carcinogen.[6][7] Whether lindane is an endocrine disruptor is unclear.[8][9][10]
The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent.[11] In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants.[2][12] A specific exemption to that ban allows it to continue to be used as a second-line pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies.[13]
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
^ abc"Listing of POPs in the Stockholm Convention". Stockholm Convention.
^Brandenberger H, Maes RA (1997). Analytical toxicology: for clinical, forensic, and pharmaceutical chemists. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 243. ISBN 978-3-11-010731-9. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
^"Professional Drug Information: Lindane". Archived from the original on 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
^"The North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) on Lindane and Other Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Isomers" (PDF). Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 2013. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
^"Toxicologic profile for alpha-, beta, gamma- and delta-hexachlorocyclohenxane" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. August 2005.
^"Lindane Voluntary Cancellation and RED Addendum Fact Sheet". US EPA. July 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-10-06.
^"Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Potential of Lindane, PC. Code: 009001" (PDF). U.S. EPA. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28.
^"Summaries & Evaluations: HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANES (Group 2B)". International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1998-03-02.
^World Health Organization (WHO) (2004). "Lindane in Drinking Water: Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-02-28.
^World Health Organization, The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, 2005.
^Press Release - COP4 - Geneva, 8 May 2009: Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty
^Eliane Engeler, "UN: Treaty expanded by 9 more dangerous chemicals", Associated Press 2009-05-09
Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), gammaxene, Gammallin and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine chemical and an...
including oral and topical ivermectin, and permethrin, crotamiton, and lindane creams. Sexual contacts within the last month and people who live in the...
very slowly in the environment, like DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, and lindane. Several studies have measured the effect, usually by correlating the concentrations...
CDC states alternatives as topical 0.5% malathion or oral ivermectin. Lindane is still used in a shampoo form in some non-European countries. Its licence...
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norephedrine Dexfenfluramine Dinitrophenol Strychnine Etretinate Fenfluramine Lindane Terfenadine ANVISA. "Portaria n.o 344, de 12 de maio de 1998" (PDF). Archived...
(β-HCH) are insecticides as well as by-products in the production of lindane. Large stockpiles of HCH isomers exist in the environment. α-HCH and β-HCH...
kill the parasites that live on the body surface. Permethrin, sulfur, lindane, dicophane, benzyl benzoate, ivermectin and crotamiton are well known ectoparasiticides...
were built. The works required the removal of tons of soil poisoned with lindane residues. In May 1999, the new tower control was put into service, which...
cancer, rashes, blindness, paralysis, and mental illness. An example is Lindane which was a commonly used insecticide in the 20th century. Long time exposure...
recommended. Insecticides used for the treatment of head lice include lindane, malathion, carbaryl, pyrethrum, piperonyl butoxide, permethrin, phenothrin...
genus Tessaracoccus which has been isolated from a drainage system from a lindane-producing factory in Chinhat, India. Schumann, Peter; Kumari, Rashmi; Lal...
Over 70% of tomatoes that tested were found to have the banned pesticide Lindane, and almost 40% of the samples had a mix of three or more types of pesticides...
Agriculture is a significant sector in California's economy, producing nearly US$50 billion in revenue in 2018[update]. There are more than 400 commodity...
300 short tons (270 t) of hexachlorocyclohexane process cake, including lindane. The smaller portion owned by Olin Corp. operated from 1948 to 1970. 6...
Global Information
